518 SCIENCE PROGRESS 



gravels, though some examples are known from caves, as in the 

 famous Kent's hole, near Torquay, which has yielded rough 

 bouchers from the lowest layer along with teeth of the cave- 

 bear. 



As regards the geographical distribution of the Chellean 

 industry, the characteristic boucher is found in all the continents 

 of the world except Australia. It is spread over the whole 

 of France, all that part of England which lay south of the 

 region of most persistent glaciation, and it is found in the 

 river gravels of Belgium. 



It was in England, as we may note in passing, that the 

 boucher first attracted attention. Bagford and Hearne figured a 

 boucher of Acheulean type in 171 5. 1 Frere wrote a memoir on 

 those he had discovered at Hoxne in Suffolk, which is remarkable 

 for its insight and exactitude (C. Lyell, The Antiquity of Man. 

 London, 1863, p. 168). 



The Chellean boucher is not found in that part of European 

 Russia which was covered by the ice, but outside this limit it is 

 met with in the Crimea. It is rare in the north of Italy, but 

 becomes abundant as we go south. A few examples have been 

 found in Portugal, and great numbers in Spain, as at San Isidro, 

 near Madrid. 



It has been traced from end to end of Africa, in Egypt, the 

 Congo, Rhodesia, the Transvaal, and the Cape ; and from west 

 to east of southern Asia, Arabia, Palestine, the valleys of the 

 Tigris and Euphrates, to the Narbadda valley in Hindustan, 

 where it is represented by quartzite implements which occur in 

 company with extinct species of elephant {E. namadicus and 

 E. stegodon insignis) and two species of hippopotamus, and still 

 more to the east in Cochin China and Malacca. 



In North America it is scattered 'over the greater part of 

 Canada and the United States, where it is associated with two 

 species of extinct elephants (E. Columbi and E. Jacksoni) allied to 

 E. antiquus, but apparently of later date. It is said to occur in 

 South America also. 



Thus, if we except Australia, Tasmania, and Oceania, the 

 distribution of the Chellean industry is world-wide. 



It is necessary to proceed with great caution in drawing 

 inferences from this fact. 



1 L. Capitan, "La premiere hache Acheuleanne connue," Rev. Ec. •d'Anthr. 

 Paris, 1901, p. 219. 



