PALEOLITHIC RACES 527 



Mousterian points and the fauna of the mammoth (E. primi- 

 gcnius, R. tichovhinus, Ursus spelceus, Hyarna spclcca, etc.), two 

 fragmentary human skeletons were found, the remains of two 

 individuals who had evidently been killed by a fall of stones 

 from the roof. 



Le Tron de La Naulcttc. — On both sides of the valley of the 

 Lesse, just above its confluence with the Meuse, several caverns 

 open near the middle of its slope, at heights of from 75 to 

 100 feet above the river. The cave of La Naulette is one of these ; 

 it was flooded during the lower palaeolithic epoch at irregular 

 intervals by the Lesse, when that river flowed at a height of 

 about 90 feet above its present level. Each inundation left a 

 deposit of loam on the floor of the cave, and the time which 

 elapsed between successive inundations was sufficient to allow 

 of the growth of an incrustation of stalagmite ; there are seven 

 of these stalagmite floors and seven layers of loam. At a depth 

 of 15 feet below the lowest stalagmite the famous jaw of La 

 Naulette was found. Its Simian characters led some anatomists, 

 amongst them the famous Virchow, to deny that it was human ; 

 but the subsequent discoveries at Spy and Krapina leave no 

 doubt on this point, and we now recognise it as appropriate 

 to the Neandertal skull. 



The bones of the other animals found in this cave mark the 

 fauna of the mammoth. 



Krapina. — The hollow in which the ossiferous deposits occur 

 at this locality is not so much a cave as a recess, which was 

 excavated by the river Krapinica, as it washed against a cliff of 

 friable Miocene sandstone. Since accomplishing this work the 

 river has sunk its bed 82 feet below the floor of the recess ; and 

 the recess itself is now completely filled with debris. At the 

 base is a layer of pebbles left by the river ; over this lie sand and 

 loam, partly deposited by flood waters, partly formed by dust 

 weathered from the walls : fallen angular fragments are scattered 

 throughout. Here and there lenticular layers, dark grey and 

 red in colour, are intercalated with this material. They mark the 

 site of successive occupations by man ; burnt sandstone, char- 

 coal, broken and burnt bones and stone implements are found in 

 them. The lowest layer seems to indicate a dwelling-place ; it 

 contains the fragmentary remains of ten or twelve individuals 

 of different ages, children and adults. The bones are all broken 

 and more or less burnt; and on this evidence some have suspected 



