ii2 SCIENCE PROGRESS. 



dolichokephaly. We know that there were blonds among 

 the Turdetani, perhaps the rearguard of the migration of 

 the Tamahu to North Africa. 



Oloriz, allowing with Lagneau that the Atlantic and 

 Iberian races were twain, that the latter were the later 

 comers, and occupied the east of Spain, thinks with him 

 that the Ligurians made partial settlements, and ascribes to 

 them the comparative brachykephaly of Balaguer in Cata- 

 luna (8o # o), and to some extent of Lower Andalusia. He 

 thinks the Kelts broke in through the western extremity of 

 the Pyrenees chiefly; that they could not expel the Iberians 

 from Aragon and Soria, but pushed southwards and west- 

 wards, occupying the mountain chain of Cantabria, breaking 

 through the Carpetanian Mountains about Segovia, settling 

 thickly on the Tagus, and ultimately in Andalusia, the goal 

 of all invaders. He does not think any great ethnical 

 changes have occurred since the Roman period. 



Aranzadi and his colleague would estimate such changes 

 at a somewhat higher value. Attaching very great im- 

 portance to the nasal index, and finding aimost everywhere, 

 as does also Oloriz, indications in the curve of head breadth 

 of the presence in less force of the brachykephalic element 

 which is potent in Cantabria and Toledo, and Cadiz, they 

 are constrained to make a fourfold classification, into doli- 

 cholepto, dolichoplaty, brachylepto and brachyplaty. The 

 Cantabrian and Oretanian (Toledo) regions are placed in 

 the last, Lower Andalusia in the second class. The data, 

 however, are as yet hardly sufficient for this arrangement. 

 The authors, with a good deal of probability, think that the 

 Arabs among the Moslem invaders reinforced the dolicho- 

 lepto element of the population (which already included the 

 Jews), the Berbers the dolichoplaty, which, as it is found 

 even in Guipuzcoa, 1 which was never conquered by the 

 Moors, must have existed already. 2 But, after all, im- 



1 And in the caves of Gibraltar. 



2 One witness to the large number of the Moslem invaders is the fact 

 that they prevailed to change the names of several large rivers. There are 

 five contiguous cantons in the provinces of Granada and Almeria, which 

 form a dolichous patch on Q16riz's map, their average index being 767 



