SPANISH ANTHROPOLOGY. iog 



Aragonese and Valencians in the direction of greater 

 breadth of head. 



Andalusia remains unclassified. Taking it on the large 

 scale, Upper or Eastern Andalusia is largely dolichokephalic 

 (Jaen 77*36, Almeria 7776, Granada 77*86, Cordoba 77*97), 

 and Lower or Western Andalusia tends the other way, 

 with provincial indices from 78*34 (Seville) to 79*47 (Cadiz). 

 Apparently Lower Andalusians are platyrrhine, but the 

 numbers are insufficient for the conclusion. 



The key to Spanish ethnology has been generally sup- 

 posed to be hidden in the Basque provinces, and Aranzadi 

 has made strenuous efforts to find it there. As Oloriz has 

 endeavoured to beat out one single point of certainty by 

 dint of patience, wide inductions, and careful exclusions, 

 so has Aranzadi striven to find oat great truths by the most 

 thorough sifting of a small quantity of good material. 



Taking 250 conscripts, all natives of Guipuzcoa or the 

 neighbouring (eastern) portion of Biscay, and by speech, 

 surname, and known descent mostly ascertained to be pure 

 and genuine Basques, he got from them almost all the 

 measurements, whether of head, face, body or limbs, that 

 are generally in use among anthropologists. He draws a 

 portrait of the average Basque, which I will reproduce, 

 though not at full length ; for it is exceedingly minute, and 

 must have come from one who could see as well as measure. 

 The Basque at the military age has a stature of 1640 mm. 

 (64*56 inches), which is superior to that of the Spaniard of 

 Madrid : his shoulders are broad and square, his fathom 

 large (about 105), the back sinuous and hollow, the ex- 

 tremities rather large, the instep high, the gait straight and 

 elastic. The complexion is usually fresh and rather fair, the 

 hair straight, and brown or dark, not so often black or fair ; 

 red and yellow seem to be rare ; the eyes are usually hazel 

 or greenish-brown, but blue and green are not uncommon. 

 The head is mesokephalic, the upper part of the occiput 

 prominent, and the greatest apparent height of the head 

 somewhat far back, owing partly to the habitual attitude ; 

 forehead low and vertical, narrow in comparison with the 

 head, but broad compared with the lower part of the face ; 



