102 SCIENCE PROGRESS. 



attract the dolichokephals, 1 Oloriz's figures are inconclusive. 

 The Madrilenos are indeed slightly more dolichous than, 

 the people of the rest of Spain, or of the surrounding rural 

 district, or of the province of Madrid. Their index is 

 77-87. But if it be so at Madrid, and at Barcelona, and 

 at Zaragoza, it seems to be otherwise at Granada and 

 Valencia, and doubtful at Seville and Malaga. 



Asfain, as to the relation of stature to headform, it would 

 appear that the superiority in stature of the dolichokephals, 

 which is the rule in some parts of Northern Europe, does 

 not obtain in Spain. Taking the Madrid subjects (mostly 

 recruits) for this purpose, Oloriz found no very distinct 

 difference between the tall and the short in kephalic index 

 —nothing beyond the limits of possible errors. If any- 

 thing, tall stature and brachykephaly went together : 50 tall 

 men had heads on the average 0*57 broader in index than 

 50 dwarfish ones. 



Age appeared to be a condition of some, though of 

 course limited, importance. 470 recruits of Madrid gave a 

 mean index of 7 7 '93 ; but 50 older men (from 30 to 74 

 years) gave 77 '48, or nearly half a degree less. The 

 probable causes of this discrepancy are loss of hair and 

 shrinking of the soft parts. 



Of health and sickness, again, the effects were tested. 



Fifty artisans in hospital, with a mean age of 38 years, 

 gave a mean index of only 77' 16 ; while 50 healthy soldiers 

 of the same class, with a mean age of 21, gave 77*67, a 

 difference of just half a degree. To account for this Oloriz 

 suggests that difference of age, comparative scantiness of 

 hair, and thinning of the soft parts, may all have been 

 operative ; while difficulties of observation from constrained 

 posture, etc., may have made the measurements of the in- 

 valids less reliable. 



As for the effect of social selection, 016riz's figures are 



1 Perhaps this is not fairly put. It is the blond dolichous type which 

 Amnion and De Laponge credit with the qualities that result in this 

 attraction ; I do not think they have said the same of the Mediterranean 

 dolichos. 



