12 SCIENCE PROGRESS. 



variations in the characters of sediments to the lines of 

 folding. As will be noted in a future article, the enuncia- 

 tion of these laws is of interest as bearing" on the distri- 

 bution of coal beneath the newer rocks of South-eastern 

 England. 



The Carnic Alps are the subject of two memoirs (4, 5), 

 of which the first is a continuation of a part previously pub- 

 lished, but the two parts have been issued in book form with 

 some large extra geological maps. Rocks belonging to all sys- 

 tems, from Precambrian to Permian inclusive, are described. 

 The Silurian rocks apparently resemble those of Eastern 

 Bohemia, and above them a great mass of Devonian 

 limestones is developed, separated from the Silurian by a 

 marked change of fauna. The lower part of this limestone 

 possesses a Hercynian fauna, the middle portion contains 

 the fossils of the Middle Devonian (including Stringo- 

 cephalus), and the upper portion those of the base of the 

 Upper Devonian. Here, as in Bohemia, we have the deep 

 water representatives of the Devonian period. The most 

 interesting feature of this greatly disturbed district is the 

 occurrence of " reef-limestones " with their accompanying 

 breccias, amongst the Devonian and Triassic deposits. An 

 admirable description of them is given in Freeh's valuable 

 work, and no one who is interested in these very remark- 

 able, and, at the present time, much discussed structures, 

 must omit to study it. 



Proceeding now to consider the other writings in order 

 of age of the rocks described, we will commence with those 

 which treat of: — 



A.— PRECAMBRIAN ROCKS. 



The student will do well to consult a paper by Van 

 Hise (6), which is a continuation of a former paper, and 

 contains abstracts of papers concerned with the Precambrian 

 rocks of America. The most important contribution to the 

 literature of these ancient rocks published during the period 

 under notice is by Whittle (7). The geology of the area 

 described herein (Vermont) is of special interest, as the 

 region is the home of the Taconic controversy, and when 



