35o SCIENCE PROGRESS. 



it in the usual way ; he compared these remains with the 

 corresponding parts of the chimpanzee, gorilla, orang, 

 gibbon and Man, and found in neither one nor another the 

 agreement he sought for. He made no allowance, how- 

 ever, for the extraordinary amount of individual variation 

 manifested by men and anthropoids, and concluded that 

 these remains were parts of an animal that had shared 

 human and simian characters almost equally. To this 

 extinct animal he gave the name Pithecanthropus Erectus, 

 believing it to represent a family that flourished in Pleisto- 

 cene times. At the meeting of the Anatomical Society of 

 Great Britain and Ireland, held on the 13th of February 

 last, Professor Cunningham 1 brought the Bengawan find 

 under discussion, and showed that the calvaria was in all 

 respects human, and assigned it to a race of men even 

 more primitive than the Canstadt to which the celebrated 

 Neanderthal skull belongs. The tooth he also regarded as 

 human, and as belonging, probably, to the same individual 

 as the skull ; but the femur he rejected as that of a recent 

 and modern human being. Independently, M. Pettit 2 

 arrived at an almost similar conclusion. A reviewer 3 of 

 Dr. Dubois' memoir, on the other hand, while entirely 

 accepting the Bengawan remains as human, assigned them 

 to a modern but abnormally microcephalic specimen of the 

 existing race. At the meeting of the Anatomical Society 4 

 I adduced some reasons for believing the tooth to be that 

 of an orang, and the skull that of an atypical member of 

 the human race. But much extended research has led me 

 to see that my reasons were not well founded, and that 

 Cunningham and Pettit are very probably right in regarding 

 these remains as indicative of a human race more primitive 

 than any hitherto discovered. 5 



1 See also Nature, 28th Feb., 1895, P- 4 2 ^- 



2 L 'Anthropologic, torn, v., 1895, PP- 65-69. 



3 Nature, 24th Jan., 1895, p. 291. 



4 Proc. Anat. Soc. Great Britain and Ireland, 13th Feb., 1895. 



5 After this article was in proof, Sir William Turner made an important 

 contribution to the literature over the Bengawan remains (Jour/i. Anat. and 

 Physiolog., April, 1895). He gives a full description of the calvaria ; and 



