PITHECANTHROPUS ERECTUS, ETC. 353 



the bluff led to a gradual exposure of the cavern floor 

 as a terrace in front of the mouth. From this formation 

 Schmerling took the Engis remains; 1 Fuhlrott, in 1857, 

 the Neanderthal; Dupont, 2 in 1865, the Naulette ; lastly, 

 Lohest y and De Puydt, in 1886, the Spy remains — the 

 most complete and valuable of all. 



All fossil human remains hitherto discovered could be 

 placed within a museum cupboard of very limited dimen- 

 sions. Skulls would be represented by the nearly complete 

 arches of Spy crania Nos. 1 and 2 ; the Engis 4 cranial 

 vault ; the roof caps of the Bengawan, Neanderthal, Til- 

 bury," Staegenaes and Forbes Quarry (Gibraltar) crania ; 

 and the partial calvaria of the Brux, 6 Denise, Canstadt, 

 Eguisheim, Olmo and Clichy discoveries. Facial parts 

 would be represented only by the fragmentary upper jaw 

 and malar of Spy cranium No. 1. Only two lower jaws of 

 importance, and lacking the greater parts of the ascending 

 rami, would be present — those of the Naulette and Spy 

 cranium No. 1. The fragments of the Schipka, 7 Goyet, 

 D'Arcy-sur-Cure and Clichy mandibles would add very 

 little to our knowledge of these two ; while the Tilbury, 

 Suffolk 8 and Moulin Ouignon inferior maxillae, even were 

 their claims to antiquity allowed, would be of little value, for 

 they are the mandibles of aged individuals and consequently 

 their characteristics have been erased by age-changes. The 

 cupboard would contain about sixty-two teeth, twenty-two 



1 Schmerling, Recherches sur les ossemens fossils dccouverts dans les 

 cavernes de la Province de Liege, Liege, 1846. Text and atlas (75 pis.). 



2 Bull, de I'Acad. de Bruxelles, 2nd ser., t. xxii., 1866, pp. 31-55. 

 :1 Fraipont et Lohest, Gand, 1887. 



4 See Huxley's Evidence as to Mans Place in Nature, London, 1863. 



5 Owen, The Antiquity of Man, London, 1884, 31 pp., 4 pis. 



8 It is unnecessary to give references to the original sources where 

 these new fragmentary crania are described, as they are of no value for our 

 present purpose. Fraipont gives them. 



7 Virchow, Das Kiefer aus der Schipka-Hohle imd das Kiefer von 

 Naulette, Zeitschrift fi/r Ethnologic, bd. xiv., 1882, pp. 276-310. 



8 Robert H. Collyer, Anthropological Revieiv, vol. v., 1867, pp. 

 221-235. 



