3 68 SCIENCE PROGRESS. 



The oblique ridge — posterior rein of Topinard — is very 

 partially present, being represented only by that part which 

 springs from the antero-internal cusp. The other three 

 cusps (A.E., P.E. and P. I.), fused together and with the 

 cingulum of the crown, form on the postero-external side of 

 the tooth a crenated border, subdivided into nine minor 

 cusps. This crenated border markedly recalls the multi- 

 cuspidate buccal margin of the ornithorynchus tooth. 



The enamel of the crown is crenated, as one sometimes 

 sees in the wisdom teeth of negroid people. It is the 

 persistence of an embryonic character. Molar teeth of the 

 orang show a somewhat similar enamel-crenation. 



12. THE BONES OF THE LIMBS. 



Counterparts for the massive and bent Spy and Nean- 

 derthal femora can be found in collections of Patagonian 

 skeletons. The Bengawan thigh bone might easily be 

 mistaken for that of a London lady or an Australian 

 woman. The Bengawan femur has every geological claim 

 to antiquity that the calvaria and tooth possess, and stands 

 in a plight exactly parallel to that of the Engis skull — in 

 danger of being rejected because it is of modern form. It 

 seems to me, however, highly probably that the frame of 

 man reached its perfection for pedal progression long before 

 his brain attained its present complex structure. If one con- 

 ceives this probable or even possible, there is no hindrance 

 to awarding the femur to the Bengawan woman. 



All the other bones belonging to the limbs and trunks 

 of fossil men, such fragments as we know of them, support 

 the contention that the human frame was matured before 

 early Quaternary times. 



SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION. 



Our human geological record stretches as yet back only 

 to an early post-tertiary period. 1 The millions of men that 



1 Dubois uses the ambiguous term Pleistocene — I understand him to 

 refer to an early Quaternary period. 



