REVIEWS 693 



animals with not more than a general unrelated resemblance to one another, and 

 the very close copy obtaining in certain butterflies more or less nearly related to 

 their regional distribution. The volume forms a very useful and stimulating 

 addition to the small number of books treating of this interesting subject available 

 to the general reader, and is illustrated by excellent plates. 



C. H. O'D. 



The Investigation of Mind in Animals. By E. M. Smith. [Pp. ix + 194, 

 with frontispiece and 9 text-figures.] (London : Cambridge University 

 Press, 191 5. Price 3^. net.) 



THIS is a very readable account of some of the many problems that are en- 

 countered by the student of animal behaviour, the method in which they are 

 attacked, and the experimental evidence that is forthcoming regarding them. 

 It does not really deal with the investigation of mind in animals, but " the 

 careful study and systematic observation of the behaviour of different organisms 

 under varying conditions," as the author expresses it in the introduction. That 

 is to say, it is the search for evidence pointing to the existence of a mind. 

 Much work has been done in this field in the last two decades, and such a 

 volume as the present is welcome, since from it the ordinary reader is able to 

 get a general idea of the advances that have been made. It is the more useful 

 as little of the work has been done in this country, and it is by no means so 

 widely known as it should be. 



Naturally the now famous thinking horses of Elberfeld claim a share of 

 attention, but we are surprised to find that the two analyses of a series of 

 experiments on these animals made by Claparede are not given in the bibliography. 

 The second of these is by far the most critical examination of the horses that 

 has yet been made. Of course in a book of this size it is easy to pick out 

 omissions, but on the whole a good deal of ground has been successfully covered. 

 The short bibliographies given at the end are very useful for the student who 

 wishes to refer to the original works. The newness of the subject-matter 

 is indicated by the feet that none of the references go back fifteen years, and 



most are within the last ten. 



C. H. O'D. 



Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. Scientific Results of the Scotia. 

 Vol. IV, Zoology. Parts II— XX, Vertebrata. [Pp. 505, with 62 plates, 31 

 text-figures and 2 maps.] (Edinburgh : Oliver & Boyd, 191 5. Price 505 net.) 



Certain of the individual monographs occurring in this publication have appeared 

 previously in the Proceedings and Transactions of various learned Societies, and 

 in these cases full indication is given of their original appearance. Together with 

 the papers now published for the first time they form the most complete account 

 of the Antarctic Vertebrate Fauna that has yet been issued. It is pleasing to find 

 that all its contributions are the work of British zoologists and anatomists. 



The Seals, Whales, Antarctic birds including of course Penguins, the Fish, and 

 the Tunicates are all dealt with in a very thorough and systematic manner, and 

 valuable additions to zoology, in particular with regard to the anatomy of the seals, 

 are made in the various accounts. Not the least interesting paper is that dealing 

 with the Whale Fisheries of the Falkland Islands and Dependencies by Mr. 

 Salvesen, illustrated by splendid photographs of the whales, the whale boats, and 

 the factories. This industry is becoming more and more important every year, 



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