228 WHALE-FISHERY. 



ties, all of which have subsided to the bottom, is, 

 in a great measure, run off through the pipe com- 

 municating with the cooler, and the remainder is 

 carefully lifted in copper or tin ladles, and poured 

 upon the broom in the spout, from whence it runs 

 into the same cooler, or any other cooler, at the 

 pleasure of the " boilers/'* Besides oil and fenks, 

 the blubber of the whale likewise affords a con- 

 siderable quantity of watery liquor, produced pro- 

 bably from the putrescence of the blood, on the sur- 

 face of which, some of the fenks, and all the greasy 

 animal matter called footje or footing, float, and 

 upon the top of these the oil. Great care, there- 

 fore, is requisite, on approaching these impure sub- 

 stances, to take the oil oft* by means of shallow 

 tinned iron or copper ladles, called skimmers, with- 

 out disturbing the refuse, and mixing it with the 

 oil. There must always, however, be a small 

 quantity towards the conclusion, which is a mixture 

 of oil and footing; such is put into a cask or other 

 suitable vessels by itself, and when the grossy part 

 has thoroughly subsided, the most pure part is 

 skimmed off, and becomes fine oil, and the impure 

 is allowed to accumulate by itself in another vessel, 

 where, in the end, it affords " brown oil." 



The refuse now left in the copper, is bailed into 



* The men employed in extracting oii are thus denomi- 

 nated. 



