i 3 4 SCIENCE PROGRESS 



or even under the cegis, of the law and the police force. Yet they are as apt as 

 violent robbery to give rise to the fighting spirit. It is possible to devise social 

 laws under which robbery and open cheating can be punished and more or less 

 controlled ; but no law can be devised which leaves no loopholes for chicanery. 

 International chicanery is certainly calculated to rouse passion and the fighting 

 spirit in a community, as witness in the Japanese when the Russians obtained 

 possession of Port Arthur by trickery. 



Society attempts to control chicanery to some slight extent by means of 

 exposure in the Press. Such a method might operate with success in international 

 relations ; though a nation which would be guilty of chicanery would hardly 

 hesitate to open a press campaign in support of its pretensions. 



It is, evidently, only along educational lines that any real lasting success can 

 be gained. In a word, the whole of humanity must be taught to be gentlemen. 

 The German leaders, by means of their educational system, successfully taught 

 the whole of their people to be cads ; so that the thing might be possible provided 

 the necessary educational machinery could be set up. One need only glance at 

 the present condition of Europe to grasp what a superhuman task such an attempt 

 will be. 



In this connection it is as well to bear in mind that youth loves competition, 

 conflict, and pursuits which involve hardship and danger. In our unregenerate 

 condition youth particularly loves to be taught how to fight. To eradicate or 

 control such a sentiment will not be easy, and will require not only a most perfect 

 system of education, but guarantees that the instruction is everywhere carried out 

 on the required lines. It is only under the strictest discipline that such guarantees 

 can be established. Certainly, the educational system and curriculum must not be 

 left to the " self-determination " of the various nationalities ; and it is, consequently, 

 essential that some controlling power be established with right and power to lay 

 down and enforce both system and curriculum. It is probable that the best, if not 

 the only practicable, system would be that which existed before the war and was 

 known as " militarism," with, however, military training eliminated and replaced 

 by physical or hygienic training and education— in a word, vast disciplined 

 national schools instead of armies. Such national schools might, however, at 

 short notice, be transformed into armies, and would, therefore, in themselves be a 

 source of danger to the peace of the world. Neither would " Labour ;) listen to the 

 suggestion : for discipline is apparently opposed to their principles, inasmuch as 

 it interferes with " liberty." It is an unfortunate fact that any serious attempt to 

 suppress war must inevitably result in the suppression of liberty, so far, at least, 

 as education and freedom of thought are concerned. And if such a system could 

 be established, should we not come back to the days of Papal supremacy, finally 

 of the Inquisition ? 



There can, however, be no objection to an international university which, 

 could it but draw to itself all the best thought of the world, might, in the end, 

 exercise an important influence on education throughout the world. Such a 

 university has already been suggested for medical science ; and there seems no 

 reason why it should not embrace all arts and sciences, not even excluding this 

 vast science called war. 



Other Considerations which cannot be Disregarded 



We see war all around us throughout the animal and vegetable worlds. The 

 pine tree allows but few forms of life, either animal or vegetable, to flourish 

 beneath its branches. It overtops and destroys flowers and shrubs, depriving 



