PALEOLITHIC RACES 41 



wide and high, just as in the Eskimo, its index being 86*97, an d 

 that of the Eskimo 87*8 ; the palate is fairly long in comparison 

 with its breadth, with an index of 67*9, that of the Eskimo being 

 68'4 ; finally the naso-malar angle of Flower, which measures the 

 recession of the face behind the orbits, is very large, attaining 

 the value of 145 : in this respect also it makes a nearer approach 

 to the Eskimo, with a value of 144, than to any other known race. 



The evidence could scarcely be more definite; the osteological 

 characters of the Eskimo, which are of a very special kind, are 

 repeated by the Chancelade skeleton so completely as to leave 

 no reasonable doubt that it represents the remains of a veritable 

 Eskimo, who lived in southern France during the Magdalenian 

 age. 1 



In North America, as we have seen, a tall Indian race im- 

 mediately succeeds the Eskimo towards the interior ; and in 

 Europe a tall Cro Magnon race was associated with the short 

 Chancelade people. If we have rightly identified the two 

 short races one with the other, we shall next be tempted to 

 suppose that some close bond of blood may have existed 

 between the two tall ones. There are, indeed, some characters 

 which they possess in common, the Algonkians, in the eastern 

 part of the continent, having long heads, like the Cro Magnon 

 men, and this in itself appears to be a remarkable fact, when 

 we consider the rare occurrence of dolichocephaly among the 

 Leiotrichi. The short faces and depressed orbits of the Cro 

 Magnon men mark them off, however, as a distinct race. 



The Magdalenian cult extended east from Mentone, through 

 France, Switzerland, Germany, Bohemia, Moravia, and as far as 

 Russian Poland, and it has been traced northwards to Kent's 

 Hole in Devon and Creswell Crag in Derbyshire. Future 

 discoveries alone can inform us as to the relative distribution 

 of the two races, who probably shared this territory between 

 them, but it is safe to suppose that the Chancelade race occupied 

 the more northern stations, though all that is certainly known is 

 its occurrence in southern France. The question next arises as 

 to how the existing Eskimo acquired their present distribution. 



The Magdalenians are the latest completely palaeolithic race 

 which inhabited Europe : their successors on this soil, apart 

 from the Azilians, were the neolithic folk, who brought with 



1 L. Testut, " Recherches Anthropologiques sur le Squelette Quaternaire de 

 Chancelade, Dordogne," Bull, de la Soc. d'Anthr, de Lyon, torn, viii., 1889. 



