PALAEOLITHIC RACES 43 



found in Scandinavia date from the neolithic period. The more 

 probable route would therefore appear to have lain over Behring 

 Strait or the Aleutian Isles. 1 



A general consideration of all the facts might, then, lead us 

 to some such hypothesis as the following. During the Mag- 

 dalenian age two races of dolichocephalic Leiotrichi, differing 

 greatly in stature, extended from western Europe to the east, 

 across the entire breadth of Asia, occupying a zone which 

 included much of the tundra and the steppes. They possessed 

 a common Magdalenian culture, and resembled in their mode 

 of life the Algonkians and Athapascans of the tundra as they 

 existed before the advent of the white man, feeding on reindeer 

 and mammoth, horse and bison, together with various kinds 

 of fish. 



The taller, and probably more powerful, race held possession 

 of the more favoured regions in the south, where the climate 

 was less rigorous and game more abundant ; the shorter race, 

 hemmed in by its tall relations in the south and the ocean or 

 the ice in the north, had to make the best of its inhospitable 

 surroundings, and developed, thanks to its great intelligence, a 

 special mode of life. No doubt other Leiotrichous races, but 

 distinguished by broad heads, were in simultaneous existence 

 in the more southern parts of Asia. 



As the climate became warmer, the pressure of the rapidly 

 increasing neolithic people began to make itself felt, acting 

 probably from a region somewhere between the Carpathians 

 and India. A movement of the Leiotrichi was thus set up 

 towards the north ; but as there was no room for expansion in 

 that direction, it was diverted towards the only egress possible, 

 and an outflow took place into America over Behring Strait or 

 the Aleutian Islands. The primitive Eskimo, already accustomed 

 to a boreal life, extended along the coast. The primitive Algon- 

 kians, following close upon their heels, occupied the southern 

 margin of the tundra, and extended east as far as the Atlantic 

 Ocean. The broader-headed Athapascans came next, and 

 gradually acquired possession of the western half of the southern 

 tundra. The Eskimo were rigidly confined to the coastal 

 regions, but there was nothing to arrest the progress of the 

 primitive Red Indians towards the south — everything, indeed,, 



1 See A. Hamberg, Om Eskimoernas hcirkonish och amerikas befolkaiide, Ymer, 

 1907, p. 15. 



