PALEOLITHIC RACES 45 



one been expelled and driven to the uttermost parts of the 

 earth : the Mousterians survive in the remotely related Austra- 

 lians at the Antipodes, the Solutrians are represented by the 

 Bushmen of the southern extremity of Africa, the Magdalenians 

 by the Eskimo on the frozen margin of the North American 

 continent, and as well, perhaps, by the Red Indians. It is a 

 singular fact, when considered in connection with the claims 

 sometimes asserted in favour of the dolichocephalic skull, that 

 in each of these ancient races, marked by so many primitive 

 characters, a long head is distinctive. Perhaps this also is to 

 be numbered among the primitive characters ? 



Finally we may ask in the light of this history what part is 

 to be assigned to justice in the government of human affairs ? 

 So far as the facts are clear they teach in no equivocal terms 

 that there is no right which is not founded on might. Justice 

 belongs to the strong, and has been meted out to each race 

 according to its strength ; each has received as much justice as 

 it deserved. What perhaps is most impressive in each of the 

 cases we have discussed is this, that the dispossession by a new 

 comer of a race already in occupation of the soil has marked an 

 upward step in the intellectual progress of mankind. It is not 

 priority of occupation, but the power to utilise, which establishes 

 a claim to the land. Hence it is a duty which every race owes 

 to itself, and to the human family as well, to cultivate by every 

 possible means its own strength : directly it falls behind in 

 the regard it pays to this duty, whether in art or science, in 

 breeding or organisation for self-defence, it incurs a penalty, 

 which Natural Selection, the stern but beneficent tyrant of 

 the organic world, will assuredly exact, and that speedily, to 

 the full. 



