PALEOLITHIC RACES 379 



laurel-leaf points (Solutrean) have been found here, but they 

 occur in similar deposits at Pfedmost in Moravia ; in the loss 

 of Briinn ivory statuettes have also been met with. If the 

 age of this loss has been rightly determined, then the 

 Solutrean must evidently be assigned to the last or third 

 genial episode. 



River Terraces. — The gravels of the river terraces were de- 

 posited, as we have seen, during the successive genial episodes, 

 and we might naturally look to them for the most certain 

 evidence on the question before us. Unfortunately the terraces 

 which have afforded human implements occur in regions so 

 remote from the Eastern Alps and from the ancient glaciated 

 mountain regions generally that they cannot be brought into 

 comparison. An exception seems to be provided by the district 

 watered by the Garonne north of the Pyrenees. Four terraces 

 can be traced along the course of this river, and they have 

 been correlated by Obermaier l with the four terraces of the 

 Eastern Alps. The lowest is about 15 metres above the alluvial 

 plain, and ends towards the mountains in a moraine ; the next 

 is 55 metres above the plain and contains quartzite implements 

 of Acheulean type ; the remaining terraces, which stand still 

 higher, have not afforded any traces of human industry. It 

 would thus appear that Acheulean man inhabited this part of 

 Southern France during the third glacial age. The contem- 

 porary fauna as shown by fossils was arcto-alpine (mammoth, 

 Rhinoceros tichorhinus, and reindeer). This correlation is at 

 variance with the views of Penck, who has consequently dis- 

 cussed in detail the relationship of the terraces and is led to 

 conclude that the third terrace is really on the horizon of the 

 second of the East Alpine terraces. 



On the completion of his great work on the Alps in the 

 Ice-age Penck modified his earlier views to some extent, 2 with 

 the effect of rendering the several industrial stages slightly 

 less discontinuous and bringing them nearer our own times. 

 The following diagram (fig. 1) represents Penck's latest 

 attempt at correlation. 



1 Hugo Obermaier, " Beitrage zur Kenntniss des Quartare in den Pyrenaen,' 

 Arch. f. Anthrop. N.F. 1906, 4, p. 299. 



2 Die Alpen in Eiszeitalter, by Albrecht Penck and Eduard Bruckner, Bd. III. 

 p. 1172; and Penck, "Das Alter des Menschengeschlechtes," Zeits. f. Ethn. 

 1908, pp. 390-497. 



