382 SCIENCE PROGRESS 



Mercki and along with Mousterian implements. These species 

 are : Ursus speleus, Felis leo var. spclea, Felts pardus var. spelea, 

 Cants lupus, Capra ibex, Capclla rupicapra, Cervus elaphus. It is 

 pointed out that Wildkirchli would not have been inhabited 

 during a glacial episode. 



Evidently the last word has not yet been said on this 

 question, and we must leave it to future investigation to decide. 

 Meanwhile we may turn to our own islands, which are not 

 altogether destitute of facts bearing on this inquiry. 



It has long been known that Chellean and Acheulean 

 bouchers, often spoken of as the river type of implement, occur 

 in fluviatile gravels, which are younger than the great chalky 

 boulder clay, a widespread glacial deposit formed probably 

 during the third glacial episode of Penck. In spite of the most 

 persevering search bouchers have never yet been found in 

 deposits which could be shown to be older than the chalky 

 boulder clay. Whatever doubts might have been felt as to 

 the relation of the older palaeolithic industries to this deposit 

 must, I imagine, have been dispelled by the investigations made 

 by Mr. Clement Reid, on behalf of a Committee appointed by 

 the British Association, at the classic locality of Hoxne, where 

 John Frere discovered abundant palaeolithic implements in 

 1797. The implements are typical Acheulean bouchers, and 

 were originally very numerous — as many as five or six to the 

 square yard ; at present the locality only yields about one to 

 about ten square yards. 1 By means of trial pits and borings 

 the following succession was made out : The lowest deposit is 

 the chalky boulder clay ; a hollow in this is filled first with 

 lacustrine beds 20 ft. in thickness, these are succeeded by 

 lignite with a temperate flora ; then come lacustrine beds 

 20 ft. in thickness, but containing an arctic or subarctic flora 

 (arctic willow and arctic birch), and finally the implement- 

 bearing brick earth and gravel. Representing this in a vertical 

 column we have — 



Acheulean industry. 



Cold climate (Betula nana, Salix polaris). 

 Temperate climate (Alnus glutinosa, Rosa canina). 

 Glacial climate (chalky boulder clay). 



1 "The Relation of Palaeolithic Man to the Glacial Epoch," Report of the 

 Committee, etc., drawn up by Clement Reid, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1896, Liverpool, 

 pp. 400-15. 



