PALEOLITHIC RACES 391 



of uncertain age which Fulhrott discovered in 1857 to the 

 beautiful skull from La Chapelle aux Saints which M. Boule 

 has made known to us ; the doubts and difficulties of the past 

 half-century have now completely disappeared, and the accumu- 

 lation of fragmentary evidence becomes synthetised by this 

 fortunate discovery into an organic whole. 



The latest of these recent discoveries was made on March 7, 

 1909, by Herr O. Hauser, who found a Neandertal skeleton in 

 the lower cave of Le Moustier, under circumstances which 

 pointed clearly to an interment. The body had been laid on 

 a carefully arranged pavement of flint implements ; it rested on 

 its right side, with the right arm bent under the head and the 

 left arm extended ; burnt bones and flint implements were 

 found lying about the skull; and an Acheulean boucher, the most 

 beautifully worked of all that were found, lay within reach of 

 the left arm. Prof. Klaatsch, who has described these remains, 1 

 states that they represent a young man of about sixteen years 

 of age. The skull had unfortunately suffered considerable 

 distortion owing to the pressure of the overlying deposits, so 

 that for this or some other reason it was found impossible to 

 piece together on removal the fragments of which it consisted 

 with sufficient accuracy to restore completely the original form. 

 This at least is the conclusion to which I am led by an examina- 

 tion of a cast of the skull and lower jaw supplied me by Dr. 

 Krantz of Bonn ; when the lower jaw is fitted to the skull 

 by placing the condyles in their sockets its incisors lie about 

 10 mm. behind those of the upper jaw ; and vice versa, when the 

 teeth of the two jaws are made to bite together in their natural 

 position the condyles are about 10 mm. in front of the glenoid 

 cavities. 2 The error seems to be connected with the position 

 of the upper jaw, which is made to advance too far, presenting 

 in consequence a prognathism that is truly extraordinary. In 

 other respects the skull affords a welcome confirmation of the 

 results obtained from other material ; it is evidently of great 

 capacity, thus agreeing with the skulls from Spy and La 

 Chapelle aux Saints. The frontal torus presents the usual 



1 H. Klaatsch, "Homo Mousteriensis, Hauseri," Arch. f. Anthrop. N.F. Bd, 7. 

 pp. 287-97 ; and " Die primitive Mensch der Vergangenheit u. d. Gegenwart," 

 Verh. Ges. Deutsch. nat.-forsch. Coin, 1908, p. 94. 



2 Prof. Ruggeri has also called attention to this fact. V. Giaffrida-Ruggeri, 

 "Fossili umani Scimmieschi," Monitore Zool. Italiano, Anno XX. N. 7, pp. 214-25 ; 

 in particular note 5, p. 221, 



