392 SCIENCE PROGRESS 



Neandertal character, though it is less marked in relief— a fact 

 which may be connected with the comparative youth of the 

 subject. The face, so far as can be judged from the restoration, 

 resembles that of the Gibraltar skull, except as regards its 

 prognathism. 



The bones of the extremities resemble in fundamental 

 characters those of other Neandertal skeletons, and indicate a 

 stature of from 1450 to 1500 mm. The adult, probably fifty 

 years of age (Boule), from La Chapelle aux Saints, was probably 

 about 1600 mm. in height. All the evidence goes to show that 

 the Neandertal men were of short stature with disproportionately 

 large heads. 



The connection between cranial capacity and intellectual 

 power is a very vexed question ; ceteris paribus, we should 

 expect to find a direct relation between the two ; but other 

 things are not equal, the quality of the cerebral substance and 

 the degree to which the cortex is folded must be taken into 

 account, and of these factors the skull can tell us nothing, 

 whether we examine it from the outside or the inside. The 

 interior should throw some light on the relative volume of 

 cerebrum and cerebellum, and we therefore look forward with 

 great interest to the full description of the skull from La 

 Chapelle aux Saints which we may expect to receive shortly 

 from the pen of M. Boule, for this will include an account 

 of the interior of the skull, and as much as we can learn of the 

 regions of the brain from a cast. 



In the great drama of existence our interest is chiefly centred 

 in the self-manifestation of intelligence. Its history as recorded 

 by the development of its companion the brain is the chief 

 theme of the Tertiary era. The growth of the brain in size 

 and complexity which accompanies the flow of time is a general 

 phenomenon, not confined to any one branch of the mammalian 

 stem, though it culminates in man. It does not produce itself: 

 it is produced. Its cause is hidden from us, but its best results 

 can be conserved, and it is to be hoped that in the course of 

 evolution the practice of eugenics may come to be recognised 

 as an essential part of religious discipline. 



