443 SCIENCE PROGRESS 



1874. Tupman. Catalogue of 102 radiants of shooting stars 



observed in the Mediterranean. 

 1877. Heis publishes his results of forty-three years' (1833-75) 



observations of meteors. 

 1877. The motion of the Perseid radiant and its extent and 



direction detected at Bristol. 



1884. Details of stationary radiation published by R. A. S. 

 {Monthly Notices, Dec. 1884). 



1885. Nov. 27. Very abundant shower of Andromedes. 

 1891. Kleiber publishes work on the orbits of meteor streams. 



1891. Denning. Catalogue of 918 radiants. 



1892. Nov. 23. Fine shower of Andromedes observed in 

 America. 



1898. Denning. General catalogue of radiants (4,367), of fire- 

 balls, and shooting stars {Memoirs of R.A.S., vol. liii). 



1899. Nov. 23-4. Fine shower of Andromedes. 

 1901. Nov. 14. Rich display of Leonids. 



1903. Nov. 14. Rich display of Leonids. 



1904. Nov. 21. Fine display of Andromedes. 



The year 1866 may well be considered as a brilliant epoch 

 in the history of meteoric astronomy. And if we include a 

 few other years, say from 1861 to 1872, there were many 

 important developments in our knowledge of this branch, be- 

 cause a number of associated comets and meteoric showers 

 were presented in the heavens, and the men were not wanting 

 to observe, discuss, and interpret the facts which led up to 

 very significant and far-reaching discoveries. The comets of 

 the Lyrids, Perseids, and Leonids appeared, active displays of 

 Perseids occurred, swarms of Leonids came in 1866, 1867, and 

 1868, and a great storm of Andromedes invaded our skies in 1872. 

 These were epoch-making phenomena, and their significance 

 was not lost upon those who were applying themselves to 

 researches in this field. Many honoured names might be 

 mentioned of those who contributed to the successful issue of 

 the investigations, chief among them being G. V. Schiaparelli, 

 H. A. Newton, J. C. Adams, E. Weiss, J. G. Galle, C. A. F. Peters, 

 H. d'Arrest, Prof. A. S. Herschel, and others. 



Shooting stars came to be regarded as well-ordered parts 

 of the cosmos, and as equally entitled to regard with the 

 planets and comets. They formed, in fact, the material of which 

 comets were made, and the host of attenuated meteoric showers, 



