2 6 2 THE GUIDE TO NATURE 



such is not the case. If we examine terminal part of the stem. The growth 

 the suma.ch(Rhus glabra, R. typhina or of such a stem is now continued by the 

 R. copallina) we will find that upon the lateral bud highest up the stem ; this 

 approach of winter, the terminal portion lateral bud functions as a terminal bud, 

 of any stem and, of course, its terminal and frequently has the appearance of 

 bud are neatly sloughed and cast oft, one. Atkinson in his "Botany for 

 just as are the leaves, and, like them, High Schools" calls this bud an "axil- 

 leaves a neat scar. If there is to be lary terminal bud." (I must say, 

 any further growth, it must be the re- though, that I rather prefer the term 

 suit of the development of an axillary pseudo-terminal bud, literally false ter- 

 bud; in other words a bud which ordi- minal bud.) We thus have a bud 

 narily should produce a branch is called which ordinarily would have produced 

 upon to continue the axis, the result a branch, continuing the stem ; the re- 

 being a stem formed of superposed suiting growth will, therefore, consist 

 branches. The reason for this behavior of superposed branches — in other 

 of the sumach is explained in this way : words, a sympodium. In some cases 

 There are certain perennials that ai- this pseudo-terminal bud is on tissue, 

 ways produce a definite annual growth, still not sufficiently lignified to with- 

 and there are others (like the sumach) stand our winters (seen well in the 

 that have an indefinite annual growth, sumachs, equally well in ailanthus), 

 with the result that the terminal poi- and is winterkilled, with the result 

 tion dies back some distance during that the new growth will come from 

 the winter, and easily falls away, a bud some distance back from the tip. 

 From this, we at once surmise that Such sympodial growths are, of course, 

 plants with definite annual growth give easiest of all to make out. 

 rise to monopodial growth, and those After reading Miss Patton's fine ar- 

 with indefinite annual growth to tide in the December number of the The 

 sympodial growth, and this is Guide; To Nature and thinking that it 

 true, as far as it goes, but is only one would be of interest, I have looked up 

 phase of the subject; sympodial growth a few of the authors one is most likely 

 may result in other ways. For a good to have at hand, to see what examples 

 exposition of how sympodial growth of sympodial growth they might give, 

 may be brought about, the reader is with the following result : 

 referred to Strasburger (Text-book) or Asa Gray, as long ago as 1879 (Struc- 

 to Bessey. tural Botany), gives the following ex- 

 A.« sympodial giowths of the sumach amples — grapevine, Virginia creeper, 

 type are possibly most easily observed, lilac, elm, rose, raspberry, sumach, hon- 

 we will hold ourselves (for the most ey locust, most perennial herbs, root- 

 part, at least) to them. From the stocks of Polygonatum and of Diphyl- 

 above, it seems that those perennials leia. 



that make a more or less definite annual Andrews, in his "Botany All the 

 growth are found upon the approach Year Round," discusses the subject un- 

 ci: winter, provided with terminal buds, der "Definite and Indefinite Growth;'' 

 at the end of strongly lignified stems he, too, uses the term, pseudo-terminal 

 which can withstand the winter, and, bud. He gives as examples of indefi- 

 upon the approach of spring, this ter- nite annual growth the following — rose, 

 minal bud develops, continues the axis, honey locust, sumach, mulberry, and, as 

 and a monopodium results. On the examples of plants with pseudo-term- 

 other hand, those that do not make inal buds — elm, beech, 

 such definite growths (and these may Bower, in his "Practical Botany," 

 possibly be in the majority), having gives two examples of sympodial 

 their terminal buds at the ends of growth — Marchantia and Fucus. They 

 stems, with terminal portions not suf- are sympodia of the dichotomous 

 ficiently lignified to withstand winter, branch system (for discussion ot 

 have these not sufficiently lignified which, see Strasburger). 

 parts regularly cast off. This casting Atkinson discusses the subject under 

 off in some, possibly most cases is "Definite and Indefinite Growth ;" he 

 done so neatly that a little scar is all makes use of the term axillary terminal 

 that is seen of where was once the bud. He gives the following examples 



