Ch. VI] DRAWINGS FOR PUBLICATION 191 



The lettering should be done with discrimination in two ways: 



(1) The letters, words, etc., should be artistically arranged and 

 then put on straight. For this one may need to use a T-square and 

 straight edge. Most persons cannot letter neatly enough to letter 

 with a pen. Printed words and letters can be pasted upon the draw- 

 ing. In the final cut the appearance is as if words, letters, or numerals 

 were printed on the picture (fig. 25). 



If the letters, abbreviations, etc., are not upon the parts they are 

 meant to indicate, then "leaders," that is, full or broken lines should 

 be drawn from the part to its designating letter, numeral, abbrevia- 

 tion, or word (fig. 20, 25). 



(2) The size of type to be used should correspond to the size of 

 the picture and the amount of reduction. The letters should not be 

 the most prominent thing about a picture, neither should they be so 

 small that one needs a microscope to read them. By consulting 

 fig. 116 one can get a clear notion of the appearance of various sizes 

 of letters when reduced. If one has a camera (fig. 107), it is a good 

 plan to put letters of different sizes upon the drawing and then, 

 having the bellows set to give the reduction desired, look at the image 

 of the drawing and lettering and see how they will look in the final 

 picture. 



For photo-engraving, Gothic type gives the best results (fig. 116). 



§303. Fastening the letters to the drawing. — The letters, etc., 

 should be printed on thin, smooth, very white paper, and they should 

 be black, not gray. Tissue paper is often used, but that is not so 

 easy to handle as a paper about like the so-called "Bible paper." 



The words, letters, and numerals for a drawing are cut out and 

 arranged on the drawing to get the best effect. Then using a T- 

 square and straight edge each letter or word is stuck to the drawing 

 in the proper position as follows: Some fresh starch paste is made 

 by placing in a small tin or aluminum dish 5 grams of laundry starch 

 and adding 50 cc. of cold water. Stir with a spoon and then heat 

 gradually with constant stirring on a stove or over a gas flame until 

 the paste is formed. Mucilage and paste which has been made for 

 some time are not good for pasting the letters. Mucilage turns the 

 paper yellow and the old paste is lumpy. 



