BEHAVIOR OF LOWER INVERTEBRATES 395 



Kew (24) finds that the pairing behavior of pseudoscorpions 

 is in many respects similar to that of scorpions. Fertilization 

 in Che lifer and Chermes is effected by means of a spermatophore. 



The first p-ait ot Laubmann's (25) paper on the cutaneous 

 sense organs of the Caridea is concerned with the stiucture and 

 innervation of the sensory hairs on various parts of the body. 

 The physiological experiments of the author showed that the 

 chiet organ of smell was the so-called olfactory branch ot the 

 first antennae, and that the second antennae and the mouth 

 parts had an olfactory function also. 



The locomotion of Peranema when swimming freely was 

 found by Mast (26) to be quite similar to that of Euglena, but 

 ordinarily when not strongly stimulated the flagellate crawls 

 forward along the surface of some solid by wave-like contrac- 

 tions of its body combined with a rotary movement of the tip 

 of the flagellum. When the flagellum encounters an object 

 "the animal bends always toward the larger lip, then proceeds 

 on a new course more or less at right angles with the old. The 

 same response can be induced by contact stimulation or any 

 part of the body or by chemical stimulation." Peranema frees 

 itself from a confined situation by increasing the vigor of beat 

 of the flagellum and by turning the body toward the larger lip. 



Matisse (27) has discovered that in the earthworm Allolo- 

 bophora putris the rapidity of locomotion not only varies with 

 the temperature, but at any given temperature it is subject to 

 somewhat complex rhythmical fluctuations. Within certain 

 limits increase of temperature is accompanied by an increase 

 of locomotor activity, which is attributed to the increased 

 rapidity of chemical changes in the tissues. When kept at a 

 constant temperature the worms showed, in addition to a con- 

 stant decrease of activity, a diurnal rhythm, being more active 

 in the morning and less active later in the day. And superim- 

 posed upon this are shorter rhythms of greater and less rapidity 

 of locomotion while the worms are crawling about. The author 

 attempts to correlate these facts with certain peculiai ities of the 

 action of catalytic and autocatalytic substances. 



In a paper on the general life history ot two ciliate infuso- 

 rians Moody (28) has made some observations upon the be- 

 havior of these forms in relation to food. Both forms live upon 

 a paiticular kind of prey and fail to react to other organisms. 



