444 WILLIAM M. MANN 



the ants receive part of their food supply, and is therefore inim- 

 ical to the welfare of the ant community. Such an association, 

 Wasmann thinks, could not have been brought about by natural 

 selection. That selection is a factor in evolution is admitted, 

 but it does not play' a leading role. 



Wheelei (34) describes a peculiar coenobiotic association 

 which he found in Arizona. Five or six organisms cooperate 

 to form this. The oak, common in the Huachuca Mountains, 

 was heavily infested with the mistletoe. Larvae of a weevil 

 had made their borings in this, and these were tenanted by 

 colonies of the ant Cremastogaster arziunensis.' On the inside 

 of the ant galleries were numerous scale insects, later described 

 by Cockerel 1 as Pseiidococcus phoradnedri, which slowly kill the 

 mistletoe. Thus the ant, which fosters scales injuiious to the 

 mistletoe which is a serious parasite of the live oaks and other 

 trees, may be regarded as a useful forest insect. 



Zimmer (35) records the finding of a nest of Lasius fuligino- 

 sus in a child's coffin which had been buried for about thirty 

 years. The entire interior of the coffin was filled with carton 

 made by the ants. 



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