452 JOHN B. WATSON AND K. S. LASHLEY 



The specimens studied were found to be sensitive to slight 

 changes in either direction from the physiological zeio point. 

 No means of measuring these changes were found, but the same 

 stimuli were applied to human subjects, and this leads to the 

 conclusion that the frog's skin is at least as sensitive to tem- 

 perature as that of man. The head was found to be more sensi- 

 tive than the sacral and lumbar legions. 



Stimulation with a temperature above the physiological zero 

 caused an increase in the rate of breathing, with one below a 

 decrease. This was not explainable as a change in physiological 

 rate due directly to change in the temperature of the organ 

 systems, since the change in tempeiature affected only a small 

 area of the skin. Hence the author concludes that theie is no 

 direct energetic relation between the direction of change in the 

 stimulus and the direction of change in the reaction. Moreover, 

 all temperature stimuli caused lung ventilation, reactions in 

 the same sense or direction. In spite of this last fact and the moi- 

 pho logical results of the investigation of the temper atuie sense in 

 man, the author is inclined to support the old assimilation and 

 dissimilation theory ot Hering as furnishing the best explana- 

 tion of the difference in the sense of reaction. He asks "Wurde 

 es vielleicht allgemein gelten, dass eine jede noch so kleine Ener- 

 giezufuhr in das System eine Beschleunigung, eine jede Ener- 

 gieausfuhr eine Herabsetzung des Atemihythmus bewirkt?' : 



Fish. Parker (18) reports a series of experiments upon the 

 common chemical sense of Ammocoetes and of Amiurus and 

 considers the structural and phylogenetic relations of this sense 

 to those of smell and taste. He finds that the skin of Ammo- 

 coetes is sensitive to HC1, NaOH, NaCl, and quinine in solu- 

 tion, but not to cane sugar. The solutions were brought in 

 contact with the skin by means of a pipette and their effect 

 judged by the animal's movements. Three regions of the body 

 were studied, the head, the mid-trunk, and the tail. The 

 head was found to be far more sensitive than the tail and 

 the latter somewhat more sensitive than the trunk. Experi- 

 ments with Amiurus gave essentially the same results but 

 with no difference in sensitivity between the mid-trunk and 

 tail. Sectioning of the olfactory crura did not affect the reac- 

 tion, nor was the sensitivity destroyed by severing the lateral 

 line nerves and lateral accessories. This limits the sensory 



