420 C. H. TURNER 



(ii) Ecology considers together mores that are alike or similar 

 in their larger characters. 



Hibernation. At a depth of about three inches, Blaisdell (4) 

 found sixty-four specimens of the tiger beetle Cincindela senilis 

 hibernating beneath a stone. The mouths of the burrows were 

 at the edge of the rock, and at each there was a little pile of 

 dirt that had been excavated in digging the burrows. Each 

 burrow had one main galleiy with branches leading distinctly 

 to the edge of the stone. The branches that did not end blindly 

 w T ere closed with dirt. The main gallery, which was not more 

 than half an inch below the surface, came to the surface at 

 certain points. Blaisdell thinks the gallery became community 

 property through an accident. 



Mayer (59) discusses the hibernation of Pyremeis atalanta. 



Migrations. Giossbeck (37) discusses the migration of the 

 Argillacea of Alabama. 



Moulting. Ewing (26) has the distinction of being the first 

 to describe the moulting of our common red spider. The larva 

 moves its body back and forth and side wise. Suddenly the 

 skin of the dorsal surface bursts just back of the scapular groove. 

 In an instant some of the bristles of the thorax are released and 

 the eyes of the emerging nymph burst into view. Following a 

 series of side movements, the hindmost legs are extended later- 

 ally and slightly anteriorly. The body wriggles for a moment, 

 then the anterior portion begins to be withdrawn from the old 

 larval skin. The movement is slow until the first pair ot legs 

 appear, then the nymph suddenly pulls loose from the anterior 

 portion of the old skin and w T alks out of the posterior portion. 

 The total time consumed is only four minutes. 



Turner (98) describes an abortive attempt of a pupa of Polis- 

 tes pallipes to moult. 



Phosphorescence. Green (35) describes the phosphorescence of 

 the beetle Harmatelia bilinea. 



See McDermott and Mast, under "Mating." 



Singh and Maulik (86) found that the so-called phosphor- 

 escence of the fireflies w T ould affect the photographic plate 

 through wood, dark brown leather, black paper, or flesh; but 

 that it would not affect the plate through glass. Hence they 



