8 SCIENCE PROGRESS. 



3. Jutana group, or Magnesian sandstone. 

 ■ 2. Khussak group, or Neobolus beds. 



1. Khewsa group, or purple sandstone. 

 The whole forming the Punjab "province" of Cambrian 

 beds. The purple sandstone is stated to be not clearly 

 separable from the Neobolus beds. The latter consist of 

 dolomitic sandstone alternating with shales, and have a 

 thickness of from twenty to one hundred and fifty feet. 

 They are split up into five subdivisions in descending 

 order : — 



E. Zone of Olenellus sp., containing also Trimerellidce. 



D. Zone of Neobolus Wart hi. 



C. Upper Annelid sandstone. 



B. Zone of Hyolithes Wynnei. 



A. Lower Annelid sandstone. 



He maintains that he confirms Waagen's view that the 

 fauna of the A T eobolus shales is explicable by the fact that 

 the fauna is older than any known Cambrian fauna, occur- 

 ring as it does below the Olenellus beds, in which case 

 Neobolus Wart hi, N. Wynnei, and Hyolithes Wynnei must 

 be considered the earliest known forms of animal life. 

 The Magnesian sandstone is separated into five sub- 

 divisions on lithological characters. It contains Stenotheca 

 and is believed to be Lower Cambrian. No fossils have 

 been found in the salt-crystal pseudomorph group. 



A few observations may be offered on the facts contained 

 in this paper. In the first place, the concurrence of two 

 authorities of such repute as Waagen and Noetling in 

 maintaining that the Neobolus beds contain a fauna older 

 than any known fauna is of very great importance, nor is 

 its importance lessened by the fact that these authorities 

 do not altogether agree concerning minor points. At the 

 same time, it must be pointed out that the evidence is of a 

 negative character. Olenellus has been found in the upper- 

 most subdivision of the Neobolus beds, but not in the lower 

 ones, still it is quite possible that the genus and its associates 

 may eventually be found therein, especially when we take 

 into account the small thickness of the group, and the 

 similarity of characters of the different divisions which is 



