CARL LUDWIG. 157 



Nearly all the younger generation of physiologists in Great 

 Britain, America, Italy, Germany and Russia have at one 

 time or another studied in his laboratory. The results were 

 published annually in the famous and classical Arbeiten aus 

 der pkysiologischen Anstalt zu Leipzig during the years 1866- 

 yy, i.e., for eleven years (Jahrgang 1-11). At the founda- 

 tion of Du Bois-Reymond's Archiv in 1877, Ludwig agreed 

 to publish his work and that of his pupils in this journal, 

 and so the independent issue of the Arbeiten as such came 

 to an end. The results, however, were communicated to 

 the Sachische Akademie, which in many cases contributed 

 funds for the illustration of some of the monographs. 

 Nearly 300 pupils studied under him, while the twenty 

 volumes of Arbeiten represent much of the progress of 

 physiology during the last three decades. To give an 

 account of the work done by Ludwig and his pupils would 

 in fact be to write the advances made in physiology during 

 the last half-century. 



To enumerate his continental pupils would be to name 

 most of the professors of this subject, e.g., Fick (Wiirzburg), 

 C. Eckhard (Giessen), Kronecker (Berne), Drechsel (Berne), 

 Gaule (Zurich), Lothar Meyer (Tubingen), Miescher (died 

 August, 1895) of Basel, von Kries (Freiburg). In Russia, 

 Setschenow, Woroschiloff, Tscheriew. In Sweden, Holm- 

 gren (Upsala), and Tigerstedt (Stockholm), Loven. In 

 Belgium, Heger (Brussels), Lahousse (Ghent). In Italy, 

 Mosso (Turin), Luciani (Rome), Fano (Florence), Baldi, 

 Novi, and others. 



Amongst his English and American pupils may be 

 mentioned Lauder Brunton, Coats, Bowditch, Rutherford, 

 Moseley, Ray Lankester, Stirling, Minot, Gaskell, Ward, 

 Haycraft, Cash, Sewall, Meade-Smith, Wooldridge, Walton, 

 Beevor, Buckmaster, Carslaw, F. S. Lee, F. Mall, W. H. 

 Thompson and Vaughan Harley. 



Ludwig's family life was one of the happiest that could 

 be wished, and this, perhaps, partly because the circle was 

 so small. He married in 1849, his only son died in infancy, 

 while his only daughter became the wife of Alfred Dove, 

 then the editor of Im neuen Reich, and now known as a dis- 



