160 SCIENCE PROGRESS. 



by Leber, On the Blood-vessels of the Eyeball. Most 

 students are familiar with reproductions from this work in 

 the text-books. His microscopical preparations were 

 always made with the greatest care, and when a drawing 

 of a preparation had to be made it had to be done 

 exactly, and with an artistic touch. He always insisted on 

 having the best draughtsman available. His fine artistic 

 feeling led him to this, and surely had he lived in the 

 times of Vesalius, he, like Vesalius, would have had Titian 

 and his pupils to design his plates. To Ludwig, as to 

 Spallanzani, nature was as a large picture, the most remark- 

 able, charming, and fascinating which could be presented 

 to human view, and great was his joy when he was able to 

 lift the veil from some part of the picture and disclose to 

 view some of its hidden mysteries. Of his pupils who 

 have become distinguished anatomists or histolocnsts we 

 may mention Schwalbe, Froriep, Braune, Flechsig, Krause, 

 Minot and many others. 



Physiology is at once an ancient and a comparatively 

 modern science. Haller, the greatest physiologist of last 

 century — and in whose honour Kronecker has named 

 the magnificent new Physiological Institute at Berne, 

 Hallerianum — called it "animated anatomy". Our de- 

 finite knowledge depends largely on the progress made 

 during the last fifty years, and to this progress Ludwig 

 either directly or indirectly has been one of the most 

 potent contributors. Indeed there is scarcely a chapter in 

 physiology on which he has not left the impress of his 

 genius, and which he has not enriched with new facts. It 

 was indeed a great good fortune that Ludwig dedicated his 

 life to the advancement of physiology. The circumstances 

 were propitious, but even granting this, the form in which 

 the study of the subject presents itself at present is largely 

 due to his activity, to his discoveries, to his method of 

 experimenting, and to the original manner in which he 

 trained numerous young investigators to follow in his foot- 

 steps. 



From a literary point of view the contributions made 

 by Ludwig in his own name are not numerous, but such 



