CARL LUDWIG. 175 



Ludvvig always selected his assistants with great judg- 

 ment and discrimination. In the histological department, 

 he had successively Schweigger Seidel, Schwalbe, Flechsig, 

 Gaule, Drasch and Moser. In the physical or as he called 

 it experimental department, Kronecker, von Kries and von 

 Frey, while Drechsel was his chemical assistant until 

 called to Berne as Professor of Physiological Chemistry. 

 Those of us who had the great good fortune to study under 

 Ludwigf when Husfo Kronecker, now Professor of 

 Physiology in Berne, was assistant, can never forget how 

 much we owe to Kronecker, who was a second genius loci 

 and the fast friend and helper of us all. He it was who 

 led the way to the foundation of the then " physiologische 

 Gesellschaft " in Leipzig, and who was the originator and 

 presiding genius at the " functions ' : that followed after the 

 formal communication of " papers " at the evening meeting 

 of the society. But Ludwig's personal assistant, in the 

 narrower sense of the word, was his mechanic Salvenmoser, 

 who accompanied him from Vienna. He was simply in- 

 valuable both to professor and pupil, and he always did his 

 work so thoroughly, yet quietly. With the death of his 

 master Salvenmoser has retired, partly on a pension or, 

 rather, on an annuity subscribed for him several years ago 

 by Ludwig's pupils. 



One other feature deserves notice, viz., Ludwig's care 

 for animals operated on. He lays it down explicitly that 

 an operation on a living animal should only be undertaken 

 after careful forethought of all details of the experiment, 

 and after the animal has been rendered insensible by the 

 use of some anaesthetic. He would never allow an animal 

 to be used for a second operation. In 1879-80 he was 

 President of the Society for the Protection of Animals in 

 Leipzig, and remained a member of this society until his 

 death. 



Such is a rapid sketch of the work which was conducted 

 under Ludwig's direction, and it will be obvious that Ludwig 

 was an "all-round" physiologist, and perhaps the only one 

 who could be compared with him in the breadth and variety 

 of his knowledge was his former colleague and friend, Briicke, 



