ANTHROPOMETRY IN INDIA. 193 



extensive investigation were, first, that the castes are, 

 generally speaking, really ethnological and not merely 

 social divisions ; second, that three main types may be 

 distinguished in the population of India at the present 

 day. 



1. A leptorhine (long-nosed), pro-opic {i.e., hatchet- 

 faced, or as the Chinese say of us. horse-faced), dolichoke- 

 phalic type, of tall stature, light build, narrow face, com- 

 paratively fair complexion, and high or open facial angle. 

 This type is most marked in the Punjab. Their exog- 

 amous groups are eponymous, names of Vedic saints or 

 heroes. 



2. A platyrhine, mesopic or nearly platyopic, dolicho- 

 kephalic type, of low stature, thick-set, with very dark 

 complexion, broad face, and usually low facial angle ; 

 most distinct in Chota Nagpur and the central provinces. 

 Its sections are totemistic, names of animals, plants, etc., 

 to all of which some form of taboo applies. 



3. A mesorhine, platyopic, brachykephalic type, of 

 lower medium stature, sturdy build, yellowish complexion, 

 broad face, and low facial angle ; found along the northern 

 and eastern frontiers of Bengal. Exogamous groups 

 curiously named, mostly by nicknames of supposed 

 founders. 



Of these the first is evidently the Aryan type, the 

 type, that is, which has from time to time filtered in 

 from the north-west across the Indus. Except in colour, 

 it recalls the tall blonde type of Northern Europe ; except 

 in stature, perhaps, as Topinard suggests, the dark Medi- 

 terranean type. The dolichokephaly is probably inherent in 

 the immigrant stock, not acquired by admixture with the 

 black Australioids, for it is as strong among the Punjabis 

 (abstraction having been made of the trans-Sindhian Pathans 

 and Biluchs) as anywhere, and would not, in the Sikhs and 

 Gujars, exceed 71 in the bare skull. It exists, moreover, 

 in an exquisite degree among the north-western mountains, 

 in the Cashmiris, the Dards, and Chitralis, people who, 

 from their position in the direction of the supposed foun- 

 tains of migration, should be more Aryan than the most 



