THE USE OF MALLEIN. 445 



All horses which reacted by less than 1 "3° C. were 



proved to be free from glanders. 

 All horses reacting by temperatures i^-rc/C. were 



on autopsy found to be either glandered or not 



in almost equal proportion. 

 E. The experiments of Macfadyean and Hunting (24) 

 were made with Roux's mallein on thirty-nine horses. At 

 the time of their experiments London had the unenviable 

 notoriety of possessing- more glandered horses than any 

 other city in Europe. Subsequently the former observer 

 continued his experiments on fifty more animals, using 

 mallein prepared by himself, by Foth and by Roux (25). 

 He considers that mallein is of incomparable diagnostic 

 value, and even if it is not an absolute method, this offers 

 the only possible solution for obscure cases. If the 

 temperature of a fever-free animal reaches 40° C. and local 

 inflammation occurs at the site of injection the animal is 

 almost certainly glandered. A rise of 1 C. with local 

 symptoms furnishes evidence of probable disease, but if 

 injections of mallein are carried out on horses that have 

 fever the indications to be drawn from the experiments are 

 uncertain. 



All work that is still in the experimental stage can only 

 be strengthened by continued research, and that undertaken 

 by Schutz (26) and Pnis does not accord with the favourable 

 results obtained by Semmer, Johne, Heyne and others. 

 The former observer used the mallein of Preusse in doses 

 of - 5 c.c. on fifty-eight horses : all were killed and twenty- 

 two examined post mortem. Fifteen of these had given 

 typical mallein reaction, that is to say a rise of temperature 

 up to 1 '5 C. and higher with a succeeding gradual fall. 

 Seven horses had reacted with a rise of i°-i'4° C. No 

 single animal was glandered. This stands in striking 

 contrast to the results of the majority of observers, although 

 Pnis (27) states that mallein has no specific influence in 

 glandered animals and possesses no diagnostic power. The 

 discrepancies which exist on this question even if fully 

 recognised leave no doubt that mallein has a very definite 

 value in diagnosis. The conflicting statements of Schutz 



