3 2 4 SCIENCE PROGRESS. 



out his activity as an academic teacher. What science 

 owes to his own hands, and to his mind working through his 

 numerous pupils, can be gathered from the annals of the 

 laboratories of Marburg, Zurich, Vienna and Leipsic. Those 

 who have not enjoyed his personal teaching are enabled by 

 these to judge of the immense mass of new facts, the 

 significant and ingenious method, and the extent of his 

 investigations. These papers discover what a mighty plan 

 lay at the root of Ludwig's labours, and with what firm 

 perseverance he unwearyingly tried from all sides to de- 

 cipher the problems of life. A number of men, well known 

 to the science, with noble subordination ranked themselves 

 as combatants in his general host, beside many simple com- 

 rades, who steadfastly followed the gifted leader ; these 

 shared his struggles and most toilsome victories. But it is 

 from Ludwig's Lehrbuch and from his lectures that one 

 can gain the deepest insight into the activities of his 

 penetrating mind. In these the master ever held in 

 prospect the whole territory, and the attentive follower 

 came to understand how physiology is to be studied. 



A thinker of genius, a philosopher (Arthur Schopen- 

 hauer) has declared that not the Why, but the How of things 

 is the real task of knowledge. A modest, also a profound, 

 judgment from the representative of a science in which the 

 mind can unrestrainedly expand its wings, and in phantasy 

 may order and measure things and ideas as its imagination 

 may desire. Ludwig's greatest merit lies in the fact that 

 he would not have the science of life treated otherwise than 

 from the point of view of a study modestly confined to the 

 nexus of natural laws governing tne workings of the animal 

 body. 



The oft-quoted sentence introductory to his text-book : 

 " Scientific physiology has for its task the establishment of 

 the functions of the animal body, and the tracing of them 

 consequentially from the elementary conditions of it," x ex- 

 presses this with absolute clearness. His whole life work 



1 Die wissenschaftliche Physiologie hat die Aufgabe die Leistungen des 

 Thierleibes festzustellen und sie aus den elementaren Bedingungen des- 

 selber mit Notwendigkeit herzuleiter. 



