PAWLOW'S RESEARCHES. 495 



In the third paper, by Kudrewetzky, the most interest- 

 ing results refer to the action of the sympathetic and 

 splanchnics on the pancreas. I have already mentioned 

 that ordinary faradic stimulation of the splanchnics causes 

 anaemia of the gland and consequent cessation of its activity. 

 It is well known, however, that if we stimulate a "mixed 

 nerve" by single induction shocks or mechanical means, the 

 vaso-constrictor effects are little marked or absent. If these 

 modes of stimulation be applied to the splanchnics or to the 

 thoracic sympathetic, a secretion of pancreatic juice is 

 evoked together with an increased formation of trypsin. 

 The same effect may be produced with ordinary faradic 

 stimulation if the splanchnics be divided six days previously 

 so as to allow time for the vaso-constrictor fibres to de- 

 generate. Kudrewetzky concludes that the splanchnics, as 

 well as the vagi, contain secreto-motor and tryptogenic or 

 trophic fibres to the pancreas. 



THE INNERVATION OF THE GASTRIC GLANDS. 



Still more striking and interesting are Pawlow's re- 

 searches on the innervation of the stomach. In this case, 

 as in the case of the pancreas, previous researches had 

 added but little to our positive knowledge of the subject. 

 As long ago as 1852, Bidder and Schmidt showed that 

 in a dog with gastric fistula, the sight of food caused a 

 secretion of gastric juice. In 1878 Richet published a 

 series of interesting observations on a man with complete 

 occlusion of the oesophagus and a gastric fistula. In this, 

 patient the mastication of sour or sweet things caused a 

 copious secretion of gastric juice. Hence there could be 

 no doubt that the nervous system has control over the 

 gastric glands, and that some nerves exist carrying secreto- 

 motor impulses to the stomach. Attempts to distinguish 

 these nerve channels were however without success. 



In experimenting on this point it is necessary that the 

 animal should be in as normal a condition as possible, and 

 that all escape of the saliva through the oesophagus into the 

 stomach should be prevented. Pawlow carried out, there- 

 fore, the following operation. He first made a gastric 



