5 oo SCIENCE PROGRESS. 



It is better, for the reasons already given, to use rhythmically 

 repeated induction shocks of one a second than the ordinary 

 faradic current. 



We must conclude that the vagus carries the secretory 

 fibres both to the gastric glands and to the pancreas. 



Although this conclusion is a most important acquisition 

 to physiological science, yet I think still greater value must 

 be attached to the methods employed in arriving at it. I 

 cannot do better than quote Pawlow's own account of the 

 causes which had led him to a successful solution of the 

 problem. " It is clear that the ordinary traditional mode 

 of carrying out a physiological experiment in which the 

 animals are subjected to the influence of the various poisons, 

 as well as to severe operations at the time of the experi- 

 ment, involves dangers which are not sufficiently 

 appreciated by physiologists. Many physiological pheno- 

 mena may in consequence of these conditions be absolutely 

 abolished, or, if observed, may present marked deviations 

 from the normal. There is no doubt that these methods 

 have rendered most excellent service. Yet it seems probable 

 that physiology is fast approaching the time when it must 

 seek for new experimental methods — methods in which our 

 chief aim must be to diminish as far as possible the devia- 

 tion of the animal from the normal." We have, in fact, to 

 introduce physiological methods into physiological research. 



Although they are not directly connected with the ques- 

 tion of the innervation of the glands, yet the researches of 

 Simanowsky, in conjunction with Professor Nencki, on the 

 urine of animals, in whom the gastric juice is allowed to 

 leave the body, are worthy of notice. As might be expected, 

 the effect of this loss of gastric juice is to make the urine 

 strongly alkaline and turbid with phosphates. On adding 

 acid to the urine, it effervesces from the presence of alkaline 

 carbonates. The urine is free from albumen or sugar. 

 Chlorides are entirely absent, while the potassium and 

 sodium salts are largely increased. The latter, in fact, 

 may be increased to ten times its normal amount. This 

 fact shows that, as suggested by Maly, the hydrochloric 

 acid of the gastric juice is derived from dissociation of 



