WARFARE AS NATURAL HISTORY 



335 



are similar to varieties of plants. Na- 

 ture retains her great vested fund of 

 protoplasmic energy in a race. Mutant 

 forms emerging from any race, from 

 time to time, expend their special loans 

 of protoplasmic energy rapidly and then 

 disappear, while the racial mean type 

 persists. Protoplasmic energy runs out 

 of a species more rapidly than it runs 

 out of a genus, and a variety loses 

 energy more quickly than it is lost to 

 a species. Nature places many checks 

 against the exhaustion of race energy, 

 but she allows nations (varietal hy- 

 brids) springing from any one race to 

 make cross combinations exhibiting 

 various degrees of power. The great 

 vested fund of protoplasmic energy be- 

 longing to the Solanaccae is represent- 

 ed in a branch bank belonging to the 

 species potato. Species of wild potato 

 retain mean type without much varia- 

 tion, for centuries. Varietal hybrids of 

 potato on the other hand make remark- 

 able display wastefully, and then run 

 out of their loan from the energy bank. 

 Varietal hybrids do not as a rule make 

 such wasteful display of energy as that 

 which is made by crosses between 

 species. We assume that a more vio- 

 lent rending of checks upon cellular 

 activity has been caused by the crossing 

 of species. Varieties being more close- 

 ly alike, are crossed with a lesser de- 

 gree of disturbance of isomeric en- 

 zymes, or of stereochemic process act- 

 ing over the molecular distances 

 in cells. Puritan and Cavalier were 

 varietal Aryan hybrids. Prince Daniel 

 at the Kremlin was a varietal hybrid. 

 These represent durable dominant 

 forms. Mexico, however, is largely 

 populated by specific hybrids. Aryan 

 (Spanish) and Mongolian (Indian). In 

 the absence of an external compelling 

 force we may anticipate that a series 

 of short, sharp revolutions will occur 

 for centuries to come in Mexico, ex- 

 cepting when some remarkable mutant 

 like a Diaz executes aspirants for dom- 

 ination who ask questions, and makes 

 inquiry into the nature of questions 

 subsequently to the execution of ques- 

 tioners. Specific hybrids of Homo 

 sapiens have been under observation 

 by the biologists for a long time in the 

 examples furnished by Eurasians. 

 Specific hybrids among men do not 

 appear to carry a "cenesthesia of 



similarity" which allows them to unite 

 for purposes of mutual protection in 

 established government. As violent 

 variants, they expend protoplasmic en- 

 ergy individually, explosively or indo- 

 lently, and not according to durable 

 mean-type method. The educated men, 

 of Mexico are as brilliantly and charm- 

 ingly civilized, as the uneducated 

 classes are indolent, in the other ex- 

 treme. A strong dominant mean type 

 of citizen does not belong in biologic 

 category to Mexico. The desire of in- 

 dviiduals, to conquer, will be stronger 

 than the desire of a whole people, to 



govern. 



A varietal hybrid type of man, and 

 his prototype congeners (Guelph, Ho- 

 henzollern, Hapsburg, Romanoff) 

 form a dominant group of people for 

 the brief period of a few centuries, and 

 having engaged successfully in strug- 

 gle, pass on to the period of senescence 

 of protoplasm and then disappear, to 

 be replaced by other strong varietal 

 types which have sprung from racial 

 protoplasm. 



A nation of people fitted for civiliza- 

 tion passes through Eras of Three E's, 

 corresponding to the development of a 

 variety of cultivated plant. The first 

 E stands for establishment (force of 

 arms and of diplomacy). The second 

 E stands for expansion (analysis and 

 development in science). The third E 

 is that of exhibition (art and litera- 

 ture). Then comes decline. The his- 

 tory of a cultivated plant may simi- 

 larly include establishment after 

 struggle with competing plants, and 

 aided by the gardener. High degree 

 of development of the plant comes 

 next, and finally there may be exhi- 

 bition of double flowers, and the line- 

 age of that plant is ended. The reason 

 why cultivated nations come and go 

 like varieties of cultivated plants is be- 

 cause both are composed of protoplasm 

 and must follow the inexorable laws of 

 protoplasm. 



Aristotle and Polybius described 

 civilization as following three steps 

 in a nation. The period of barbarism, 

 then democracy, then aristocracy, and 

 reversion to barbarism again. 



Success of a nation depends upon its 

 breeding capacity fundamentally. 

 Apartment houses built without ac- 

 commodations for children are vases 

 for flowers in theme, quite as distinctly 



