72 SCIENCE PROGRESS. 



Minos, whom Hellenic tradition placed at least three 

 generations before its Trojan Era. The expelled Karian, 

 or Lelegian occupants of the islands had been driven back 

 by Minos into Karia and survived in the adventurous sea- 

 men who shared with Ionians in the rediscovery of the 

 outer Mediterranean in the seventh century, B.C. Drs. 

 Kbhler and Diimmler identified Karian and Mykenaean, 

 and placed the centre of origin of Mykenaean civilisation 

 in Karia, which was then (1886), still unexplored. Recent 

 investigations on the Karian coast however seem to show 

 that Karia, so far from originating the civilisation in 

 question, remained unreceptive of it until it was already in 

 its decline in Hellas and the /Egean : and that such slight 

 traces as occur are more probably referable to settlements 

 of ^Egean (probably early Hellenic refugees) in the catas- 

 trophic period which closes the Mykenaean Age. 



53. The discovery in Upper Phrygia of rock-cut tombs 

 of early date, with heraldic representations of lions and 

 other figures in archaic style above the entrance, gave 

 ground for a theory of a Phrygian, or partly Phrygian 

 origin for Mykenaean art : especially in view of certain tra- 

 ditional and ethnographic correspondences between Phrygia 

 and early Crete. The dominant race in Phrygia in the 

 eighth and succeeding centuries was regarded, and with 

 some probability, by its contemporaries as of near kindred 

 with one of the strains of the composite Hellenic race. 

 But the most allied strain seems — though this is not clear — 

 to be of late arrival in Hellas ; and it has also been shown 

 by more careful examination, and on fuller evidence than at 

 first, that the Phrygian sculptured tombs are of date not 

 earlier than the eighth century, and in many cases appreci- 

 ably later ; so that the evidence points, as in the case of 

 Karia, the other way if at all. 



54. Another theory of an origin of yEgean civilisation 

 in Western Asia Minor is that of Dr. Montelius, who 

 regards both the Mykenaean and the Etruscan culture and 

 peoples as representatives of a great emigration westwards 

 from the hinterland of Lydia and Karia. This view lays 

 extreme emphasis on certain Syro-Kappadokian (Hittite) 



