WHY WE MEASURE PEOPLE. ig 



typed, long, narrow, prognathous face, is considered by Dr. 

 Collignon to be the far-removed descendants of the Quater- 

 nary race of Canstadt and Spy. The same type has been 

 recognised by him in Tunis among the Berbers of Djerid 

 (Collignon's " type du Gdtule ") as well as in Dordogne and in 

 the south of Charente, that is to say, in places still occupied 

 by the descendants of the race of Cro-Magnon. It might 

 be expected that the very ancient race of Canstadt, and the 

 later race of Cro-Magnon, were together beaten back by the 

 great pre-historic invasions of Western Europe. 



A few words will suffice to trace the pre-historic settle- 

 ments and racial movements that have occurred in this 

 district. 



The earliest inhabitants were probably the people with 

 retreating chins. According to the opinion of Dr. Collignon 

 these were kinsmen to Palaeolithic man. At the present 

 day, as is only to be expected, this type is very rarely met 

 with in anything like purity, and it is very difficult to isolate 

 it statistically. 



The whole west of Europe was later occupied by the 

 brown dolichocephals, the Iberian branch of the great 

 Mediterranean race, of which the Cro-Magnon man was 

 a variety. They buried their dead in the caves of the 

 valleys of the Vezere, Isle and Dronne. Judging from 

 their art, they were a skilful people and not devoid of 

 culture : — 



Later he pictured an aurochs — later he pictured a bear — 

 Pictured the sabre-toothed tiger dragging a man to his lair — 



Pictured the mountainous mammoth, hairy, abhorrent, alone — 

 Out of the love that he bore them, scribing them clearly on bone. 



There, protected in their barren, rocky valleys, weather- 

 ing the storm of race conflict, unsubmerged by waves of 

 race migration, still survive the children of early neolithic 

 man. 



Also in neolithic times a short, dark, brachycephalic folk 

 came into France from the east by two routes flowing north 

 and south of the Alps. The invasion followed the left bank 

 of the Danube, entered the valley of the Rhine, and later 



