WHY WE MEASURE PEOPLE. 17 



Thus the platycephaly of the valley of the Isle is estab- 

 lished. 



The brachycephals are only false platycephals owing to 

 an exaggeration of the transverse diameter. 



Without going into further details, we may now make 

 an attempt to unravel the ethnology of these five Depart- 

 ments. Taking the three characters of cephalic index, 

 colour and stature, we can distinguish : short and dark or 

 tall and fair brachycephals ; fair tall dolichocephals and dark 

 dolichocephals. 



The brachycephals occupy all the region south of the 

 rivers Dordogne and Vezere, the whole of the Department 

 of Correze and the east of that of Creuse. The brown 

 brachycephalic type extends to the mountainous region of 

 Auvergne, to the East of France and to the South of 

 Germany. This race of short, dark brachycephals is a 

 well-marked type which has received several names. Dr. 

 Collignon, for want of a better term, adopts Broca's designa- 

 tion of Celts, as the founder of French Anthropology con- 

 sidered that these were essentially the Celtse of Caesar. 

 They are often called Auvergnats. The tall fair variety is 

 due to a crossing of this type with the fair race. A 

 similar racial mixture occurs in Lorraine. 



The fair dolichocephals inhabit the upper valley of the 

 Cher ; the neighbourhood of Limoges, whence they spread 

 to the south following the plateaux that separate the valleys 

 of the Isle and of the Dordogne ; and also the north of 

 Charente, Angouleme, and in general along the very ancient 

 route between Paris and Bordeaux. These are the modified 

 descendants of the tall, fair, dolichocephalic race of North 

 Europe. Dr. Collignon speaks of it as the Hallstadt race. 



The brown dolichocephals require a further analysis. 



1. A type can be distinguished which is characterised by 

 its relative platycephaly, the extreme broadening of the face, 

 a prominent chin, low orbits and by the dark colour of the 

 skin and hair. As it is usual in Europe to correlate a long- 

 narrow face with a long head, and a short, broad face with 



a rounded head, the association, as in this case, of a long 



2 



