294 SCIENCE PROGRESS. 



data. These civilisations, however, when examined on 

 their material side, are found to present many features 

 which it is impossible consistently to recognise as " Aryan ". 

 Further, in the very areas in which we find them historic- 

 ally, they seem to follow an essentially continuous series 

 of development out of a thoroughly primitive and un- 

 civilised stage, which is quite as unlike " Aryan civilisation " 

 as is the specific culture in which they culminate. In fact, to 

 anticipate for a moment a summary of the result, in an extract 

 from Dr. Sergi's recent essay on the Mediterranean Race : — 



Only a few years ago, the Greeks and the Romans were thought to be 

 actual Aryans ; and after that they were thought to have been at all events 

 completely Aryanised. But the great discoveries which have recently been 

 made in the Mediterranean have overturned all these theories. To-day, 

 in spite of the fact that they became at a late stage champions of an Aryan 

 speaking culture, the conviction is forced upon us that the oldest civilisa- 

 tion of the Mediterranean is not of Aryan origin, but is the product of a 

 race composed of many blood-related peoples, who have come from a 

 common starting-point, though in the Mediterranean area they pass under 

 different racial names. 



8 1. These two lines of evidence, physical and cultural, 

 anthropological and archaeological, must, however, be 

 kept as clearly distinct from one another as from the 

 philological evidence ; for it is in theory at all events, as 

 easy to learn a mode of burial, of worship, or of metal 

 working, as to acquire a language. Culture that is like 

 language, taken by itself, proves, and can prove, nothing 

 directly about Race. Like linguistic evidence, however, 

 cultural evidence may justify important confirmatory in- 

 ferences in support of a hypothesis based primarily on 

 the morphological data. 



82. The conclusions which seem to be fairly deducible 

 from the extant remains of the first known civilisation in the 

 Eastern Mediterranean, as to its indigenous character ; the 

 course of its growth ; its wide influence upon the first civili- 

 sations of the Western Mediterranean, and of Central and 

 Western Europe ; and its essential continuity, through tem- 

 porary and partial eclipse, with the " Hellenic" civilisation 

 of historic Greece, were outlined in the first paper of this 

 series ; while the second summarised the course of recent 



