PREHISTORIC MAN. 301 



language of Thrace as an intermediary to a group of 

 languages certainly intrusive but long dominant in Asia 

 Minor ; of which Phrygian and Armenian are the best pre- 

 served examples. 



101. Moreover on this side of the ^.gean also the 

 linguistic invasion coincides with an even better preserved 

 tradition of a recent but already evanescent overflow of 

 highly endowed and politically dominant clans from South- 

 east Europe into the Anatolian coastland, and even on to 

 the Phrygian plateau. More than this, the overflow in 

 question was not yet at an end even at the opening of 

 Hellenic history ; in the Homeric " Catalogue of the Allies 

 of Priam," a document which in every other particular runs 

 in correct geographical order, Bithynia, which is practically 

 Thrace-in-Asia is significantly omitted : and the Kimmerian 

 invasion of Asia Minor in the seventh century B.C. can only 

 be satisfactorily interpreted as originating, like the Bithynian 

 invasion, and probably in the closest connection with it, from 

 South-east Europe. The inroad of the Gauls in the third 

 century B.C., which resulted in the superposition of Galatia 

 Tjpon the south-east part of immigrant Phrygia, is of course 

 •an almost exact repetition of the same series of events. 



102. Archaeological evidence also occurs in the same 

 :sense, though it is fragmentary and for the most part still 

 much disputed. That the culture province of the Danubian 

 basin, from the first moment of the trade in tin and amber 

 •across the mountain barrier, exercised an appreciable reflex 

 influence upon the civilisation of the iEgean area, has been 

 now for some years undisputed ; and it is highly probable 

 that, as in the later examples of Greece, of Rome, of pro- 

 vincial Gaul, and, as Mr. Evans has suggested, of Celtic 

 Ireland, this commercial intercourse first revealed to the 

 •waking intelligence and restless energy of the peoples be- 

 yond the Balkans, as afterwards beyond the Alps and the 

 Rhine, the resources and amenities of the coastlands of the 

 Mediterranean ; whereas on the Aryan paradox, E Borea 

 lux, no motive is supplied for these southward immigrations 

 into lands which ex hypothesi must have been still barbarous. 

 On this side the recent papers of M. Salomon Reinach, 



