39° 



SCIENCE PROGRESS. 



put again determined over several intervals of a quarter or 

 half an hour. The subject then resumed his clothing, or 

 lay covered up in bed again, the carbonic acid being further 

 determined. Johansson found, as had Loewy, that the 

 respiratory activity was considerably increased if shivering 

 and other movements were induced by the cold, but con- 

 cluded that in those cases in which these movements were 

 kept in abeyance by an effort of will, the carbonic acid out- 

 put was practically uninfluenced by the temperature of the 

 surroundings. In the following table are shown the results 

 he obtained in support of this contention. The tempera- 

 tures given are those of the air in the respiration chamber. 



From these values it will be seen that on an average 

 only 3 '8 per cent, more carbonic acid was discharged when 

 the subject of experiment was unclothed, than when he was 

 clothed. Also it would appear that the respiratory activity 

 was no greater when the temperature of the air in the 

 respiration chamber was low, than when it was 7 "8° higher. 

 It is noticeable, however, that the air temperature had an 

 appreciable influence on the actual body temperature of the 

 subject. Thus with lower air temperatures, the fall of body 

 temperature was from *8° to i*i°, and with higher, only '2 

 to -68°. 



As a whole, therefore, these experiments on man and 

 the lower animals prove that the power of regulating the 

 body temperature is not by any means perfect, and there is 

 no very conclusive evidence of the existence of a special 



