ON SELECTION IN MAN. 4*3 



It must never be forgotten that the conditions under 

 which problems of this sort arise in England are quite 

 different, owing to the comparative weakness 1 in this country 

 of the brachykephalic, and the greater strength of the 

 Iberian or dark long-headed element. The same may be 

 said of Spain and Portugal and Southern Italy ; while in 

 Scandinavia the dolichoblond type prevails still more ex- 

 clusively. Hence most of the anthropo-sociological in- 

 vestigations hitherto undertaken in this country have been 

 more or less barren, at least those based on the diversities 

 of the kephalic index. Thus I got for the citizens of Bristol 

 an index identical to a fraction with that of the natives of 

 the surrounding counties ; nor do I find that the higher or 

 educated class differs materially, in this particular point, 

 from the proletariat. 



Returning, however, to the middle zone of Europe and 

 the Alpine race or type, we find further and very curious 

 evidence to the migratory instinct of the dolichoid element. 

 Thus De Laponge lays it down that "the kephalic index of 

 the children of parents belonging to two different districts 

 is lower than the mean between the indices of these dis- 

 tricts"; or, which amounts to the same thing, that " the 

 dolichokephal members of a community are more apt than 

 are the brachykephal members, to choose their spouses out- 

 side of their own birthplace". This he tests by comparing 

 the index of subjects whose parents were born in one and 

 the same canton with that of subjects whose parents were 

 born in different cantons. These he calls cantonaux and 

 intercantonaux. In the Herault, with a large amount of 

 material, he finds the index of the former to be 81*5, that of 

 the latter 79-8. A number of small series in other parts of 

 France give analogous results ; and the law seems to be 

 true of departments as well as of cantons, two small series 

 of them giving contrasts of 82*9-81 'i and 83 "2-82 -3. 



All the processes and tendencies we have been review- 

 ing, and others which have been left unmentioned because 

 less important or less certain, may be grouped together 



1 De Lapouge says " absence," but that is too strong a term. 



