THE LARV.K AND PUPM OF BUTTERFLIES. 275 



of the most remarkable. When young it is slender, cylindrical, 

 evenly clothed with short spinous tubercles and of a uniform dark 

 brown colour. It remains on one leaf, gating it regularly back from 

 the point, but leaving the midrib, and as it eats it fringes the eaten 

 margin with its excrement, held together by silk, among which it 

 is absolutely undistinguisbable. After the last moult it abandons 

 these strange habits and lives openly on the upper side of a leaf, 

 having changed its form for one in which, it is able apparently to 

 despise concealment. Its head is now very large and closely set with 

 short, stout, simple spines : on the back there is a double row of 

 strong spines, or sharp tubercles, clustered at the ends of short stems > 

 on the third segment there are two pairs, more laterally situated, of 

 processes similar to those on the back, but three times as long, and on 

 the fourth segment one pair longer still. The colour is still dark 

 brown. The pupa is also dark brown, suspended vertically ; abdo- 

 minal part slender, with small dorsal tubercles, thoracic part much 

 stouter, wing-cases much dilated laterally; head produced into two 

 foliaceous, hammer- shaped processes, which meet at the ends, leaving 

 a circular hole in the middle. The pupa easily passes for a small 

 withered and twisted leaf. 



31. Athyma perius, Linnaeus. 



This is not at all a common species in Kanara, but very abundant 

 everywhere on the hills further north, where we reared it in March 

 on Glochidion lanceolatum. The larva and pupa are described and 

 figured by Marshall and de Niceville. 



32. Euthalia garuda, Moore. 



This is by far the commonest Euthalia in this Presidency as 

 elsewhere. Its strange larva has so often been described and figured, 

 that we need not describe it again ; but the nature of the protection 

 which its curious form affords it seems to us to be as totally mis- 

 understood as it could be when we are told to suppose that it mimics 

 some species of the Myriapoda. One who has reared any considerable 

 number of E. garuda, lepidea, or especially lubentina, and when 

 changing their food, morning after morning, has thrown away half 

 his stock after carefully examining every leaf, will be forced to find 

 a truer explanation than that. The caterpillar, which eats little and 



