LARVsE AND FVPJE OF BUTTERFLIES. 365 



little rain foil and a few butterflies emerged, bu< they stuck to the 

 pupa ease, or else their wings failed to expand, for want of moisture 

 apparently. We took the hint and watered about twenty, with the 

 result that the butterflies came out of them all in good condition. 

 We had lost a great many by accidents when on tour, and a few had 

 hatched at odd intervals ; but we kept what remained carefully until 

 June, and within a few days after the bursting of the monsoon they 

 all came out. From this it would appear that of each season's pupae 

 some arc hatched at once, some are brought out by the spring 

 showers or heavy dews of February and March, and the rest remain 

 till June. Do the butterflies which come out in August and March 

 lay eggs, and, if so, what becomes of them ? 



The larva of this species is not so thick proportionally at the fourth 

 segment as those of the last three, and is somewhat quadrangular. It 

 has four pairs of spines, which are small, but sharp. The most usual 

 colour is that shown in the plate, viz., black, banded on the sides 

 with narrow white stripes, except on the first three or four segments 

 and the last, on which there is more or less rusty red ; but the shade 

 varies very much, and in some the ground-colour is green. The pupa 

 has the usual horn which characterises this group, and also two 

 short process on the head, and is of some shade of earthy brown. 

 It is attached by the tail and a close band in crevices, or under 

 stones and roots. We furnished our cages with bits of broken tiles, 

 but several of the larvae preferred the old clay nest of a wasp, 

 into the empty cells of which they crept. This curious habit is of 

 course connected with the long hibernation which the majority of 

 the pupae undergo. Along with our P. nomias larvae we found some 

 of P. agamemnon and P. doson, and it is remarkable that, while very 

 many of these had been attacked by a large parasitic fly, the grub of 

 which ate its way out and fell to the ground after the pupa had formed, 

 P. nomius, so much more conspicuous and feeding on the same tree, 

 seemed to enjoy entire immunity from the pest. 



The Eritiioxius Group. 



, 



In these also the larva is thickest at the fourth segment, but it 

 wants the spines. On the second and last segment they are repre- 

 sented by blunt fleshy processes, while the fourth segment is sur- 

 mounted by a rough transverse ridge. 



