86 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 



very thin coenenchyma. The polyps form whorls on the stem at intervals of 

 3 to 4 mm. The first whorls, which arise high up on the stem, contain only two 

 opposite polyps, the next three, then four, sometimes five. The calyces themselves are 

 high, cup-shaped, 1'5 to 2 mm. long. The calyx scales are large, from the dorsal side 

 only two longitudinal rows are visible, which form seven to eight transverse rows. 

 The ventral scales consist only of one row of very thin, transparent little plates, whose 

 edges are covered by the side edges of the lateral scales. The opercular scales are 

 large, arched, pointed, the two ventral ones are the smallest. When laid together they 

 form a sharp cone. 



Calyx scales four-cornered, broader than high, those of the uppermost row with 

 strongly convex upper and lower edges, which are strongly toothed. Height to breadth, 

 0-3-0-3 ; 0-2-0-33 ; 0-2-0-3 ; 0-2-0-25 mm. Opercular scales ; dorsal 0-27-0-13 mm.; 

 lateral 0-2— 0-08 mm.; ventral 0'12-0'05 mm. Coenenchyma spicules, irregularly 

 polygonal or oval little plates, 0'15-0'2 ; 0"2— 0"12 mm. 



Habitat. — Station 23, off" Sombrero, West Indies ; depth, 450 fathoms ; bottom, 

 Pteropod ooze. One specimen. 



Station 122a— c, off" Pernambuco ; depth, 120 to 400 fathoms; bottom, red mud. 

 Four specimens. 



[Lat. 22° 21' S., long. 154° 17' 5" E.; depth, 550 fathoms; bottom, Globigerina 

 ooze (" Gazelle ").] 



Primnoella grandisquamis, n. sp. (PI. XVII. fig. 4 ; PI. XXI. fig. 13). 



A long stem, flexible in all directions, the root of which is wanting, bears whorls of 

 four to six polyps, which suiTound the stem at tolerable intervals from one another. 

 The calyces are covered with two dorsal rows of large scales. The spicules of the 

 operculum are, in contrast to those of the foregoing species, small, and not prominent 

 in the bent-in calyces. The stem has a length of 39 mm., but the upper and lower 

 ends are wanting. The axis is of thread-like thinness, only 0"5 mm. in diameter when 

 covered with the coenenchyma, it is entirely horny and movable in every direction, in 

 fluid it has a tendency to roll together spirally. The polyps form whorls of four, 

 five, or six around the stem ; the whorls are tolerably far apart from one another, so 

 that from the calycine apices of one whorl to the bases of the next there is an 

 interval of 1*5 to 2 mm. The calyces themselves have a tolerably uniform thickness 

 throughout then- length, only somewhat thicker towards the mouth. Their length 

 reaches 1'5 mm., theii- diameter up to 0"7 mm. Whorls of new young polyp buds are 

 often visible in the internodes. The scales of the calyx are very large, transversely 

 elongated. DorsaUy only two longitudinal rows are recognisable, of which the lateral 

 edges of one row always overlap those of the other. There are seven transverse rows 



