254 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 



Ill general terms we may describe the CornulariJ?e as a starting point from whence 

 the higher orders of Alcyonaria have been differentiated. 



The followins: genera have been hitherto distinguished : — 



Rhizoxenia, Ehrbg. Gymnosarca, Sav. Kent. 



Cornuhiria, Lam. Telesto, Lamx. 



Clavidaria, Quoy and Gaim. Pseudogovgia, Koll. 



Sarcodictyon, Forbes. Ccelogorgia, M.-Edw. 



Cyathopodium, Verrill. Anthdia, Sav. 



Sclera iithelia, Studer. Sympodium, Ehrbg. 



Anthopodium, Yerrill. Erythropodlum, Koll. 



Cormdariella, Verrill. Ccdlipodium. Verrill. 



^lanv of the species of these genera are shallow-water forms, and the Challcngei 

 collection includes only representatives of Clavidaria, Tclcsto, and Sympodiam, of 

 which several new species are described. We add to these a description of the hitlierto 

 very insutHciently known Ccelogorgia pcdmosa, !M.-Edw.. uf which we had fresh 

 specimens from ^ladagascar. 



Genus Chinda.ria, Quoy and Gaimard. 



C!'iru!aria, Quoy et Gaim. -■/: Blainville, Diet. d. Sci. Nat., vul. Ix. p. 499, 1^20. 



Milne-Edwards et J. Haime, Distrib. method. Polyp, fos?. des terr. paheuz., p. ISO. 

 Jlilue-Edwards, Hist. Nat. des Coralliaiies, p. 106. 



Studer, Aleyoii. der "Gazelle," Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. \Vi,s. Berlu,, 

 October 1S78, p. 632. 

 i"')i ., Ducli. et ^[icli., Corall. des Antilles, hc' Kullikev, Icon. Histinl, //.■■ v. Korn. \Iorpi. 



.Jabrb., Bd. vii. 



This genus was first established by Quoy and Gaimard for a Cornularid from the 

 Pacific, and was briefly defined by Blainville {loc. cit.) as including Cornidarin-like 

 linlvps in \\-hich the body-wall exhibited externally longitudinal ribs, and was encrusted 

 with I'.mg navicular :^pii-ules. The polvps were said to be mutually united by .-tolons. 



Fur the reception of species in which the poh'ps were seated on a liasal membrane, 

 Studer [loc. cit.) widened the generic diagnosis, and included within the genus those 

 species in which the colony was crustaceous, the polyps having retractile tentacles, 

 their outer walls being riljbed and furnished with spindle-shaped spiny spicules, the 

 mutual connection being by stolons or by a basal membrane. 



The pnlvp of Ciarularia consists of a more or less elongated rigid calyx, and uf a 

 wide auteriur portion which includes the tentacular and cesophageal regions, and which 

 may be completely retracted within the calyx. The margins of the calyx close round 

 the invaginated portion, forming an eight-rayed star. The wall of the calyx exhibit-. 



