38 



WOODY PLANTS OF MASSACHUSETTS. 



cherry, is called a drupe. A samara is a nut with a winged 

 margin, like the key of the maple or the winged seed of the elm. 

 A capsule is a dry fruit formed of a compound ovary and open- 

 ing of itself, as the seed-vessel of kalmia, or shedding its seed 

 through chinks, as in the poppy. A pome is an apple, or a fruit 

 resembling an apple.* 



6 7 s 9 10 



On most of the trees of temperate regions, the flowers are in- 

 complete ; wanting corolla or calyx or both, and having their 



* Explanation of the Figures. — 1. A flower of the common cherry, Cerasus 

 vulgaris, showing {a, a.) the petals of the corolla, and (b) the stamens. 2. A 

 separate petal. 3. A calyx laid open, showing (d, d,) the divisions or sepals, 

 (b) the stamens springing from the inner edge of the calyx, (c) the pistil occupying 

 the centre of the flower, and consisting of an ovary, surmounted by a style crowned 

 with a stigma. 4. A stamen, consisting of (/) the filament, and (h) the anther. 5. A 

 pistil magnified, showing (c) the ovary, (s) the style, (e) the stigma. 6. An ovary 

 much magnified and laid open, showing (g) the ovule suspended within. 7. Ver- 

 tical section of the fruit or drupe of a cherry, showing the embryo in the centre 

 with the radicle superior, or at the top. 8. The embryo taken out, with the cotyle- 

 dons (i) partly expanded, the radicle (r), with the plumule (p) lying between the 

 cotyledons. 9. An embryo germinating ; (i, i,) the cotyledons or seed-leaves with 

 the plumule (p), now becoming leaves, between them ; (t) the stem ; and (r) the 

 radicle, now become the root of the young plant. 10. A vertical section of a seed 

 of the barberry, Birberis vulgaris, magnified, and showing the embryo with its 

 leaf-like cotyledons (i) and tapering radicle (r), immersed in albumen (u). 



