37. 



42 WOODY PLANTS OF MASSACHUSETTS. 



C Calyx free from the ovary. 62. Heath Family. XX. 

 36. < Calyx adherent to the ovary. Berries eatable. 71. Whortleberry 

 ( Family. XXI. 



Drupe berry-like, fleshy or pulpy, with 4 — 8 stones. 57. Holly Fam- 

 ily. XVI. 

 Drupe dry, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Sumach Family. XXXIV. 

 Capsule 3-celled, 1 or 2-seeded. 78. 



! Stamens 4 — 5 ; anthers not opening by valves. 39. 

 Stamens 6 ; anthers opening by valves. Prickly shrubs. Barberry 

 Family. XXXVII. 



( Tendril-bearing vines. Calyx obsolete. 76. The Vine Family. XXX. 

 39. < Erect shrubs. Sepals united at base. 77. Buck-Thorn Family. 

 ( XXXI. 



4f) ( Stamens springing from the calyx. 41. 



' \ Stamens springing from the receptacle or base of the flower. 42. 



! Fruit neither a pome nor a drupe. 72. Rose Family. XXVI. 

 Fruit a pome ; calyx persistent. 73. Apple Family. XXVII. 

 Fruit a drupe ; calyx deciduous. 74. Almond Family. XXVIII. 



Pistil and style one ; flowers perfect, stamens in parcels. Linden Fam- 

 ily. XXXVI. 



Pistil and style one, flowers perfect, stamens not in parcels. 78, Rock 

 Rose Family. XXXVII. 



Pistils about 2 ; only one ripening, forming a lunate drupe ; sterile and 

 fertile flowers on distinct plants. Moonseed Family. XXXIX. 



Pistils many, united in a kind of cone ; flowers perfect. 79. Magnolia 

 Family. XL. 



DIVISION INTO GENERA. 



i Leaves in bundles or tufts, in a sheath. 44. 

 43. J 



42.^ 



M 



Leaves solitary. 45. 



» Leaves 2 — 5 in a sheath, evergreen. Pine. I. 1. 

 Leaves 15 — 60 in a sheath, deciduous. Larch. I. 4. 



» Leaves alternate. 46 

 45 



•\ 



Leaves imbricate, opposite or in whorls. 48. 



.„ j Fruit fleshy. Yew. I. 8. 

 4 ' \ Fruit not fleshy. 47. 



.„ 5 Bark always rough. Spruce. I. 2. 

 ' \ Bark smooth on young trees. Fir. I. 3. 



(" Leaves imbricate ; branches fan-like ; cones ovate. Arbor Vit^e. I. 5. 

 j Leaves imbricate ; cones angular, somewhat spherical. White Ce- 

 48.^ dar. I. 6. 



L Leaves opposite, or in whorls ; cones berry-like. Red Cedar and Juni- 

 per. I. 7. 



f Cup scaly or warty, not covering the acorn. Oak. II. 1. 

 .„ j Cup a prickly bur, covering the 3-cornercd nut. Beech. II. 2. 

 j Cup a prickly bur, covering the roundish nut. Chestnut. II. 3. 

 |_Cup leathery, hairy, covering the nut. Hazel. II. 4. 



50 J 



Nut in the axil or angle' of a leaf-like bract. Hornbeam. III. 1. 

 Nut enveloped in a hairy, inflated sack. Hop Hornbeam. III. 



