X. 2. THE SCOTCH ELM. 305 



Sp. 4. The Scotch Elm. Ulmus monlana. Bauhin. 



Another elm which has been partially introduced in this coun- 

 try, and is very much cultivated in Scotland, and the northern 

 parts of England, is the Scotch Elm, otherwise called the 

 Wych Elm, or Wych Hazel. For many purposes, its wood is 

 preferred to that of the English Elm, as it splits more freely. 

 On the whole, however, it is inferior. It resembles our Slippery 

 Elm. 



There are several other species of elm known in this coun- 

 try, though I have never found them in Massachusetts. The 

 River Elm, U. nemoralis, is said by Pursh, (N. A. Flora, p. 

 200,) to occur, rarely, on the banks of rivers from New Eng- 

 land to Virginia. He speaks of having seen it growing. It is 

 characterized as having oblong, smoothish leaves, equally ser- 

 rate, and nearly equal at base, with sessile flowers. Michaux 

 mentions an elm which he saw in Maine, and on the Champlain, 

 differing from those which have been described, but which more 

 nearly resembled the common elm. 



There is described and figured in Silliman's Journal, (XIX, 

 p. 170,) by David Thomas, a new species of elm which he 

 calls Racemed Elm, U. racembsa, whose specific character he 

 gives thus : — 



" Ulmus racemosa. — Flowers in racemes ; pedicels in distinct 

 fascicles; united at their bases. A tree. Lower branches, 

 with irregular corky excrescences. Leaves, ovate, acuminate ; 

 auriculate on one side ; doubly serrate ; above, glabrous ; 

 under side and ribs, minutely pubescent. Racemes, of sev- 

 eral fascicles, (often three or four, with a terminal flower;) 

 one to two and a half inches long — from the sides of the 

 last year's branches, and often garnished with small but per- 

 fect leaves, before the terminal buds open. Fascicles of from 

 two to four flowers. Flowers, pedicellate. Calyx, from seven 

 to eight-cleft. Stamens, from seven to ten. Stigmas two, re- 

 curved. Samara, ovate, pubescent; membrane more extended 

 on one side ; margin densely fringed. A native of Cayuga 

 40 



